Lesson Plan: Addition and Subtraction up to 20

Learning Objectives (अधिगम उद्देश्य)

English

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

Understand the meaning of addition and subtraction.
Add numbers up to 20 accurately.
Subtract numbers up to 20 accurately.
Use objects, pictures, fingers, and number lines for calculations.
Solve simple word problems involving addition and subtraction.
Apply addition and subtraction in daily life situations.

हिन्दी

पाठ के अंत तक विद्यार्थी—

जोड़ एवं घटाव का अर्थ समझेंगे।
20 तक जोड़ करेंगे।
20 तक घटाव करेंगे।
वस्तुओं, चित्रों, उँगलियों तथा संख्या रेखा का प्रयोग करेंगे।
सरल शब्द समस्याएँ हल करेंगे।
दैनिक जीवन में जोड़ एवं घटाव का प्रयोग करेंगे।

Prerequisite Knowledge (पूर्व ज्ञान)

Students already know:

Counting from 1–20
Number recognition
Number names
Addition and subtraction up to 10
Before, after, and between numbers

विद्यार्थी पहले से जानते हैं—

1–20 तक गिनती
संख्या पहचान
संख्या नाम
10 तक जोड़ एवं घटाव
पहले, बाद और बीच की संख्या

Teaching Learning Materials (TLMs)

Number cards (1–20)
Flash cards
Ice cream sticks
Counters
Bottle caps
Building blocks
Beads
Number line chart
Fruits or toy fruits
Blackboard
Worksheets
Smart board (optional)

Key Vocabulary

English

हिन्दी

Add

जोड़ना

Addition

जोड़

Plus (+)

जोड़

Total

कुल

Altogether

सब मिलाकर

Sum

योग

Subtract

घटाना

Minus (−)

घटाना

Difference

अंतर

Left

बचा

Number Line

संख्या रेखा

Period 1 – Introduction to Addition

Motivation

The teacher places 8 apples on a table and then adds 5 more apples.

Teacher asks:

How many apples are there now?

Students count together.

8 + 5 = 13

Explain:

English: When we join two groups together, it is called Addition.

हिन्दी: जब हम दो समूहों को मिलाते हैं, उसे जोड़ कहते हैं।

Study Material

What is Addition?

English

Addition means putting together or joining two or more groups to find the total.

हिन्दी

दो या अधिक समूहों को मिलाकर कुल संख्या ज्ञात करना जोड़ कहलाता है।

Addition Symbol

+ means Plus (जोड़)

Examples

Example 1

6 + 4 = 10

Example 2

9 + 8 = 17

Example 3

12 + 5 = 17

Example 4

10 + 10 = 20

Example 5

15 + 3 = 18

Addition Using Pictures

🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎

🍎🍎🍎🍎

11 apples

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

15 stars

Addition Using Number Line

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Start at 8

Jump 5 steps

8 → 9 →10 →11 →12 →13

Answer = 13

Period 2 – Introduction to Subtraction

Teacher shows 18 pencils.

Removes 7 pencils.

Ask:

How many pencils are left?

Children count.

18 − 7 = 11

Explain

English

Subtraction means taking away.

हिन्दी

किसी संख्या में से कुछ हटाना घटाव कहलाता है।

Subtraction Symbol

− means Minus

Examples

18 − 6 = 12

17 − 5 = 12

20 − 8 = 12

15 − 3 = 12

13 − 2 = 11

Subtraction Using Pictures

🍭🍭🍭🍭🍭🍭🍭🍭🍭🍭

Take away 🍭🍭🍭

Left = 7

Subtraction Using Number Line

Start at 16

Jump backward 5

16 ←15 ←14 ←13 ←12 ←11

Answer =11

Period 3 – Practice with Addition and Subtraction

Addition Table

Addition

Answer

9 + 5

8 + 7

10 + 6

12 + 5

13 + 6

11 + 9

Subtraction Table

Subtraction

Answer

20 − 5

18 − 7

16 − 8

15 − 6

14 − 4

19 − 9

Activity 1 – Counting with Counters

Give each child 20 counters.

Teacher says

"Show 12 counters."

Then

"Add 5 more."

Children count.

Answer =17

Activity 2 – Take Away Game

Children receive 20 blocks.

Teacher says

"Remove 8 blocks."

Children count the remaining blocks.

Activity 3 – Number Line Jump

Students stand on a floor number line.

For addition

Jump forward.

For subtraction

Jump backward.

Activity 4 – Pair Activity

One student makes an addition question.

The partner solves it using counters.

Then exchange roles.

Real-Life Word Problems

English

1

Riya has 12 balloons.

Her father gives her 5 more.

How many balloons does she have now?

12 + 5 = 17

2

Rahul has 18 chocolates.

He gives 6 chocolates to his friend.

How many chocolates are left?

18 − 6 = 12

3

There are 9 birds on a tree.

Later, 8 more birds come.

How many birds are there altogether?

9 + 8 = 17

4

There are 20 flowers.

The gardener plucks 9 flowers.

How many flowers remain?

20 − 9 = 11

हिन्दी

1

रिया के पास 12 गुब्बारे हैं।

पापा ने 5 और दिए।

अब कुल कितने गुब्बारे हैं?

उत्तर: 17

2

राहुल के पास 18 चॉकलेट हैं।

उसने 6 चॉकलेट अपने मित्र को दे दीं।

अब कितनी बचीं?

उत्तर: 12

Practice Exercises

Addition

8 + 7 = ___

12 + 4 = ___

15 + 5 = ___

10 + 8 = ___

9 + 9 = ___

11 + 6 = ___

13 + 4 = ___

14 + 3 = ___

16 + 2 = ___

7 + 8 = ___

Subtraction

18 − 5 = ___

20 − 8 = ___

17 − 7 = ___

15 − 4 = ___

19 − 9 = ___

14 − 6 = ___

13 − 5 = ___

16 − 8 = ___

12 − 3 = ___

20 − 10 = ___

Fill in the Blanks

9 + ___ = 15

___ + 5 = 18

20 − ___ = 12

17 − ___ = 10

___ − 6 = 8

Circle the Correct Answer

12 + 5 =

A. 16

B. 17

C. 18

18 − 7 =

A. 11

B. 12

C. 13

15 + 5 =

A. 18

B. 19

C. 20

Match the Following

Question

Answer

10 + 8

15 − 5

9 + 9

20 − 7

11 + 6

Assessment

Oral

What is 10 + 9?
What is 20 − 8?
Which sign is used for addition?
Which sign is used for subtraction?
What do we do first—count forward or backward?

Written

14 + 5 = ____
18 − 9 = ____
12 + 8 = ____
20 − 4 = ____
Solve: There are 13 pencils. Your friend gives you 6 more. How many pencils do you have?

Common Mistakes

Students may:

Count the same object twice.
Forget whether to count forward or backward.
Confuse the + and − symbols.
Make errors while crossing 10 (e.g., 9 + 6).

Teachers should encourage the use of counters, fingers, and number lines to build confidence.

Homework

Solve:
- 11 + 7 =
- 13 + 6 =
- 20 − 5 =
- 18 − 9 =
Draw 15 stars, then add 3 more and write the total.
Draw 20 apples, cross out 8, and write how many are left.
Write five addition and five subtraction sums up to 20 using numbers from your surroundings (e.g., fruits, toys, pencils).

Revision Notes

Addition (जोड़)

Join two groups together.
Use the + sign.
Count forward on the number line.
The answer is called the sum.

Subtraction (घटाव)

Take away from a group.
Use the − sign.
Count backward on the number line.
The answer shows what is left.