Lesson Plan: Hindi Alphabets (स्वर और व्यंजन)
Grade Level: Grade 3
Subject: Hindi
Duration: 2 Weeks (10 class periods, 40 minutes each)
CBSE Alignment:
- Textbook Reference: NCERT "Rimjhim" Class 3 (e.g., Unit 1: "Kakku" or Unit 2: "Shekhibaaz Makkhi" for basic letter recognition).
- Learning Outcomes: Recognize, pronounce, and write स्वर and व्यंजन; form simple words using the Hindi alphabet.
Objectives:
By the end of the two weeks, students will be able to:
- Identify and write all 13 स्वर (vowels) and 33 व्यंजन (consonants) of the Hindi Varnmala.
- Pronounce each letter accurately with correct articulation.
- Differentiate between short (ह्रस्व) and long (दीर्घ) स्वर.
- Combine स्वर and व्यंजन to form simple two- and three-letter words.
- Read and write basic words and sentences from "Rimjhim."
- Apply Varnmala knowledge in creative tasks (e.g., naming objects, short sentences).
Materials Needed:
- Flashcards with स्वर (e.g., अ, आ) and व्यंजन (e.g., क, ख)
- Pictures for examples (e.g., अ – अनार, क – कमल)
- Slate and chalk or notebooks and pencils
- Whiteboard/markers or blackboard/chalk
- Worksheets for tracing, matching, and word-building
- "Rimjhim" textbook for reading excerpts
- Colored paper and crayons for crafts
- Audio of Varnmala song (e.g., "अ से अनार, आ से आम") or teacher-led singing
Week 1: स्वर (Vowels) and Initial व्यंजन (Consonants)
Day 1: Introduction to स्वर (Vowels) – Part 1
Objective: Learn and write the first set of स्वर (अ, आ, इ, ई).
Activities:
- Warm-Up (5 min): Sing a short Varnmala song: "अ आ इ ई, सुनो मेरे भाई" with claps.
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- List: अ, आ, इ, ई. Pronounce with examples: "अ – अनार, आ – आम, इ – इमली, ई – ईख."
- Explain: "अ and इ are short (ह्रस्व), आ and ई are long (दीर्घ)."
- Activity (15 min): स्वर Writing
- Students trace अ, आ, इ, ई on slates (5 times each). Match to pictures (e.g., "आ – आम").
- Say aloud: "ई से ईख."
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "अ से क्या शुरू होता है?" (What starts with अ?)
Homework: Write अ, आ, इ, ई (5 times each) and draw one picture (e.g., "इ – इमली").
Day 2: स्वर (Vowels) – Part 2
Objective: Learn and write the remaining स्वर (उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः).
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Flashcard drill: Show अ, आ, इ, ई; students say examples (e.g., "आ – आम").
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- List: उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः. Pronounce with examples: "उ – उल्लू, ऊ – ऊँट, ऋ – ऋषि, ए – एक, ऐ – ऐनक, ओ – ओखली, औ – और, अं – अंगूर, अः – अहा."
- Highlight: "उ is short, ऊ is long."
- Activity (15 min): स्वर Match
- Students trace उ to अः (5 times each). Match to words (e.g., "औ – और").
- Say: "ऋ से ऋषि."
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "ऊ से क्या बनता है?" (What’s made from ऊ?)
Homework: Write उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ (5 times each) and draw one picture (e.g., "ए – एक").
Day 3: Review of स्वर
Objective: Consolidate all 13 स्वर and practice pronunciation.
Activities:
- Warm-Up (5 min): Sing full Varnmala song: "अ आ इ ई, उ ऊ ऋ, ए ऐ ओ औ, अं अः."
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- Recap all स्वर with flashcards. Pronounce slowly: "अ, आ, इ…"
- Play "Rimjhim" excerpt (e.g., "कक्कू" – "कक्कू की कविता"): Identify स्वर (e.g., "कक्कू में ऊ").
- Activity (15 min): स्वर Game
- Students pick a स्वर card, say it, and name a word (e.g., "इ – इमली"). Write all 13 स्वर in order.
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "कौन से स्वर लंबे हैं?" (Which vowels are long?)
Homework: Write all 13 स्वर in order and write one word for 5 स्वर (e.g., "आ – आम").
Day 4: व्यंजन (Consonants) – Part 1 (क to ट)
Objective: Learn and write the first set of व्यंजन (क to ट).
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Review स्वर: "ई से क्या शुरू होता है?" (What starts with ई?)
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- List: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण. Pronounce with examples: "क – कमल, ख – खरगोश, ग – गाय."
- Group: "क वर्ग: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ."
- Activity (15 min): व्यंजन Writing
- Students trace क to ट (5 times each). Match to pictures (e.g., "ज – जंगल").
- Say: "ग से गाय."
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "च वर्ग में कौन से अक्षर हैं?" (Which letters are in the च varg?)
Homework: Write क, ख, ग, घ, ङ (5 times each) and draw one picture (e.g., "ख – खरगोश").
Day 5: व्यंजन (Consonants) – Part 2 (त to न)
Objective: Learn and write the next set of व्यंजन (त to न).
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Flashcard drill: Show क to ट; students say examples (e.g., "ट – टमाटर").
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- List: त, थ, द, ध, न. Pronounce with examples: "त – तालाब, थ – थाली, द – दादी, ध – धनिया, न – नदी."
- Group: "त वर्ग: त, थ, द, ध, न."
- Activity (15 min): व्यंजन Match
- Students trace त to न (5 times each). Match to words (e.g., "न – नदी").
- Say: "द से दादी."
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "त से क्या शुरू होता है?" (What starts with त?)
Homework: Write त, थ, द, ध, न (5 times each) and write one word (e.g., "थ – थाली").
Week 2: More व्यंजन and Word Formation
Day 6: व्यंजन (Consonants) – Part 3 (प to म)
Objective: Learn and write व्यंजन from प to म.
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Review त to न: "न से क्या बनता है?" (What’s made from न?)
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- List: प, फ, ब, भ, म. Pronounce with examples: "प – पेड़, फ – फूल, ब – बकरी, भ – भालू, म – मछली."
- Group: "प वर्ग: प, फ, ब, भ, म."
- Activity (15 min): व्यंजन Practice
- Students trace प to म (5 times each). Match to pictures (e.g., "फ – फूल").
- Say: "म से मछली."
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "प वर्ग में कौन से अक्षर हैं?" (Which letters are in the प varg?)
Homework: Write प, फ, ब, भ, म (5 times each) and draw one picture (e.g., "ब – बकरी").
Day 7: व्यंजन (Consonants) – Part 4 (य to ह)
Objective: Learn and write the remaining व्यंजन (य to ह).
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Review प to म: "भ से क्या शुरू होता है?" (What starts with भ?)
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- List: य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह. Pronounce with examples: "य – यमुना, र – रोटी, ल – लड्डू, व – वायु, श – शेर, ष – षट्कोण, स – सूरज, ह – हवा."
- Note: "No specific varg for these."
- Activity (15 min): व्यंजन Writing
- Students trace य to ह (5 times each). Match to words (e.g., "स – सूरज").
- Say: "ह से हवा."
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "र से क्या बनता है?" (What’s made from र?)
Homework: Write य, र, ल, व, श (5 times each) and write one word (e.g., "ल – लड्डू").
Day 8: Combining स्वर and व्यंजन – Simple Words
Objective: Form two- and three-letter words using स्वर and व्यंजन.
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Sing Varnmala song, focus on य to ह.
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- Explain: "स्वर और व्यंजन मिलकर शब्द बनाते हैं।" (Vowels and consonants make words.)
- Examples: "क + अ = क, क + म = कम, ग + र + म = गरम" (warm).
- Activity (15 min): Word Formation
- Students use flashcards (e.g., क, म, अ) to form words: "कम," "गरम," "नम" (bow).
- Write 5 words (e.g., "सद," "रस").
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "प और न से क्या बनता है?" (What’s made from प and न?)
Homework: Write 5 three-letter words (e.g., "नमक," "सफर").
Day 9: Reading and Writing Sentences
Objective: Read and write simple sentences with स्वर and व्यंजन.
Activities:
- Recap (5 min): Review: "गरम का मतलब क्या है?" (What does गरम mean?)
- Direct Instruction (15 min):
- Say: "शब्दों से वाक्य बनते हैं।" (Words make sentences.)
- Use "Rimjhim" (e.g., "कक्कू" – "कक्कू कूदता है"): Identify स्वर (उ) and व्यंजन (क).
- Activity (15 min): Sentence Building
- Students read: "गरम पानी," then write: "सूरज चमकता है" (The sun shines).
- Circle स्वर and underline व्यंजन in one sentence.
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Ask: "आपने क्या लिखा?" (What did you write?)
Homework: Write 3 sentences using words from class (e.g., "हवा चलती है").
Day 10: Review and Creative Application
Objective: Apply स्वर and व्यंजन in creative writing.
Activities:
- Warm-Up (5 min): Sing Varnmala song with all letters.
- Review (15 min): Varnmala Quiz
- Show flashcards (e.g., ग, ई). Students say and write a word (e.g., "गीत").
- Read "Rimjhim" excerpt (e.g., "शेखीबाज़ मक्खी" – "मक्खी उड़ती है"). Identify letters.
- Activity (15 min): Mini-Story
- Students write a 4-sentence story (e.g., "कक्कू गाता है। सूरज चमकता है। हवा चलती है। गाय खाती है।").
- Draw a picture for one sentence.
- Wrap-Up (5 min): Share stories. Ask: "आपने कौन से अक्षर इस्तेमाल किए?" Celebrate with a cheer.
Homework: Write 5 words and 2 sentences about your favorite animal (e.g., "कुत्ता भौंकता है").
Assessment:
- Formative: Participation in songs, writing, and reading; accuracy in worksheets and homework.
- Summative: Day 10 mini-story (scored out of 10: 4 for word use, 4 for sentences, 2 for creativity).
- Observation: Ability to pronounce and write स्वर and व्यंजन during activities.
Extensions:
- Reading: Read a "Rimjhim" poem (e.g., "Kakku") and underline स्वर and व्यंजन.
- Game: Play "Letter Bingo" with स्वर and व्यंजन cards.
- Craft: Make a Varnmala chart with pictures (e.g., "क – कमल").
Notes for Teachers:
- Use "Rimjhim" examples to connect to CBSE lessons.
- Emphasize clear pronunciation with mouth movements.
- Simplify for struggling learners (e.g., focus on 5 स्वर and 10 व्यंजन first).
- Encourage peer help to build confidence.