1. Learning Objectives (अधिगम उद्देश्य)
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
English
Students will:
- Understand the meaning of fractions.
- Identify the numerator and denominator.
- Read and write fractions correctly.
- Recognize fractions of objects and shapes.
- Compare simple fractions.
- Identify equivalent fractions.
- Solve simple word problems involving fractions.
हिन्दी
विद्यार्थी:
- भिन्न का अर्थ समझ सकेंगे।
- अंश और हर को पहचान सकेंगे।
- भिन्नों को सही प्रकार से पढ़ और लिख सकेंगे।
- वस्तुओं एवं आकृतियों के भिन्न पहचान सकेंगे।
- सरल भिन्नों की तुलना कर सकेंगे।
- समतुल्य भिन्नों को पहचान सकेंगे।
- भिन्नों से संबंधित सरल शब्द समस्याएँ हल कर सकेंगे।
2. Previous Knowledge (पूर्व ज्ञान)
Students already know:
English
- Counting numbers
- Equal sharing
- Shapes (Circle, Square, Rectangle)
हिन्दी
- गिनती
- समान बाँटना
- मूल आकृतियाँ
3. Teaching Learning Materials (शिक्षण सामग्री)
- Paper circles and squares
- Pizza or cake pictures
- Chocolate bars
- Fraction strips
- Flash cards
- Blackboard
- Worksheets
- Colour pencils
- Scissors
4. Vocabulary (शब्दावली)
English
हिन्दी
Fraction
भिन्न
Numerator
अंश
Denominator
हर
Half
आधा
One-third
एक-तिहाई
One-fourth (Quarter)
एक-चौथाई
Equal Parts
बराबर भाग
Equivalent Fractions
समतुल्य भिन्न
Whole
पूर्ण
DAY 1 – Introduction to Fractions (भिन्न का परिचय)
Learning Objective
Students will understand that a fraction represents equal parts of a whole.
Introduction Activity (प्रस्तावना)
Teacher shows one whole apple.
Cut it into 2 equal parts.
Ask:
- How many parts are there?
- If I take one part, what fraction is it?
Students answer:
One-half (½)
Study Material
What is a Fraction? (भिन्न क्या है?)
English
A fraction represents one or more equal parts of a whole.
A fraction has two parts:
- Numerator – The number above the line. It tells how many parts are taken.
- Denominator – The number below the line. It tells into how many equal parts the whole is divided.
Example:
½
- Numerator = 1
- Denominator = 2
हिन्दी
भिन्न किसी पूर्ण वस्तु के बराबर भागों को दर्शाता है।
भिन्न के दो भाग होते हैं—
- अंश (Numerator) – ऊपर की संख्या, जो लिए गए भागों की संख्या बताती है।
- हर (Denominator) – नीचे की संख्या, जो कुल बराबर भागों की संख्या बताती है।
उदाहरण:
½
- अंश = 1
- हर = 2
Activity
Students fold coloured paper into:
- 2 equal parts
- 3 equal parts
- 4 equal parts
Colour one part and name the fraction.
Class Practice
Write the fraction shown:
- One part out of two = ______
- One part out of four = ______
- One part out of three = ______
DAY 2 – Types of Simple Fractions (सरल भिन्न)
Concept Explanation
One-half (½)
A whole divided into 2 equal parts.
One part = ½
One-third (⅓)
A whole divided into 3 equal parts.
One part = ⅓
One-fourth (¼)
A whole divided into 4 equal parts.
One part = ¼
हिन्दी
- ½ = आधा
- ⅓ = एक-तिहाई
- ¼ = एक-चौथाई
Activity
Colour the given fractions:
- Shade ½ of a circle.
- Shade ⅓ of a rectangle.
- Shade ¼ of a square.
Practice Questions
- Colour half of the shape.
- Colour one-third of the rectangle.
- Colour one-fourth of the circle.
DAY 3 – Numerator and Denominator (अंश और हर)
Concept Explanation
Example:
¾
- Numerator = 3
- Denominator = 4
Meaning:
Three out of four equal parts are shaded.
More Examples
Fraction
Numerator
Denominator
½
1
2
⅓
1
3
¼
1
4
⅔
2
3
¾
3
4
हिन्दी
उदाहरण:
¾
- अंश = 3
- हर = 4
अर्थ:
चार बराबर भागों में से तीन भाग लिए गए हैं।
Activity
Students identify numerator and denominator using flash cards.
Practice
Write numerator and denominator of:
- ⅖
- ¾
- ⅘
- ⅓
DAY 4 – Comparing and Equivalent Fractions
Comparing Fractions
If the denominators are the same, compare the numerators.
Example:
¾ > ¼
Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions represent the same value.
Examples:
- ½ = 2⁄4
- ⅓ = 2⁄6
Use fraction strips or paper folding to demonstrate.
हिन्दी
समतुल्य भिन्न वे भिन्न हैं जिनका मान समान होता है।
उदाहरण:
½ = 2⁄4
Activity
Students match equivalent fraction cards.
Practice
Circle the equivalent fractions:
- ½ and 2⁄4
- ⅓ and 2⁄6
- ¼ and 2⁄8
DAY 5 – Fractions in Daily Life (दैनिक जीवन में भिन्न)
Word Problems
Example 1
A pizza is cut into 8 equal pieces.
Riya eats 3 pieces.
What fraction of the pizza did she eat?
Answer:
3⁄8
हिन्दी
एक पिज़्ज़ा को 8 बराबर भागों में काटा गया।
रिया ने 3 भाग खाए।
उसने कितना पिज़्ज़ा खाया?
उत्तर:
3⁄8
Example 2
A chocolate bar has 6 equal pieces.
Aman eats 2 pieces.
Fraction eaten:
2⁄6
Real-Life Applications (जीवन में उपयोग)
Fractions are used in:
- Sharing pizza
- Cutting cakes
- Dividing chocolates
- Measuring ingredients
- Time (Half an hour = ½ hour)
Classroom Activities
Activity 1 – Fraction Pizza
Students draw a pizza and divide it into equal parts.
Activity 2 – Fraction Hunt
Find objects in the classroom that can be divided into halves or quarters.
Activity 3 – Paper Folding
Fold paper into:
- Halves
- Thirds
- Fourths
Colour the required fraction.
Worksheet
A. Fill in the Blanks
- A fraction has ______ parts.
- The top number is called ______.
- The bottom number is called ______.
- ½ means ______ out of ______ equal parts.
B. Identify the Numerator and Denominator
Fraction
Numerator
Denominator
½
_____
_____
¾
_____
_____
⅖
_____
_____
⅘
_____
_____
C. Compare
- ¾ ___ ¼
- ⅔ ___ ⅓
- ½ ___ 2⁄4
D. Word Problems
- A cake is divided into 8 equal pieces. Rahul eats 5 pieces. What fraction of the cake did he eat?
- A chocolate bar is divided into 10 equal pieces. Meena eats 4 pieces. What fraction did she eat?
Homework (गृहकार्य)
- Draw and colour:
- ½ of a circle
- ⅓ of a rectangle
- ¼ of a square
- Write the numerator and denominator of:
- ⅗
- ⅔
- ¾
- ⅘
- Find five examples of fractions used in your daily life.
- Make two fraction word problems and solve them.
Assessment (मूल्यांकन)
Oral Questions
- What is a fraction?
- What are the two parts of a fraction?
- What does the numerator tell us?
- What does the denominator tell us?
- Give one example of a fraction used in daily life.
Learning Outcome Checklist
Skill
Achieved
Understands the concept of fractions
☐
Identifies numerator and denominator
☐
Reads and writes fractions correctly
☐
Compares simple fractions
☐
Solves simple fraction word problems
☐
Teacher Reflection
Students understood fractions through paper folding, equal sharing, colouring activities and real-life examples such as pizza, cakes and chocolates. Learners who need additional support will receive more hands-on practice using fraction strips and visual models.