Lesson Plan: Fractions

Class/Grade: III (Age group: 8–9 years)
Subject: Mathematics (गणित)
Topic: Fractions (भिन्न) – Introduction to Basic Fractions (Halves, Quarters, Thirds)
Method: Bilingual (Hindi-English Parallel Approach) – Hindi for explanations, real-life connections, and building confidence; English for key terms and simple practice.
Duration: 45 minutes (hands-on and fun to suit young learners)
Board Alignment: CBSE/NCERT Class 3 Mathematics (basic fractions as part of sharing and division concepts)

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

  1. Understand what a fraction is as "part of a whole" (पूर्ण का भाग).
  2. Recognize and name simple fractions like half (1/2), quarter (1/4), and third (1/3).
  3. Shade or show fractions using objects/shapes.
  4. Use basic fraction words in simple English sentences with Hindi support.
  5. Enjoy sharing and dividing things equally.

Key Vocabulary (Simple words with Hindi meanings)

  1. Fraction (भिन्न) – Part of something
  2. Whole (पूर्ण) – All of it
  3. Part (भाग) – A piece
  4. Half (आधा) – 1/2
  5. Quarter (चौथाई) – 1/4
  6. Third (तिहाई) – 1/3
  7. Equal (बराबर) – Same size
  8. Share (बाँटना) – Divide fairly
  9. Shade (रंग भरना) – Colour the part
  10. Circle (गोल) / Square (चौकोर) – Shapes to divide
  11. Numerator (अंश) – Top number (simple intro)
  12. Denominator (हर) – Bottom number (simple intro)
  13. Yummy (स्वादिष्ट) – For food examples

Materials Required

  • Real objects: Apples/oranges (to cut), chocolate bar, roti/pizza base
  • Paper circles/squares (pre-cut or foldable)
  • Crayons/colours for shading
  • Flashcards: Pictures of halved apple (1/2), quartered pizza (1/4)
  • Big chart: Whole → Halves → Quarters (with pictures)
  • Worksheet: Simple shapes to shade (e.g., shade 1/2 of circle) – bilingual labels
  • Whiteboard for drawing

Procedure

1. Warm-up (5–7 minutes)

Objective: Make fractions fun and relatable.

  • Greet cheerfully: "Good morning, friends! नमस्कार! आज हम मज़ेदार भिन्न सीखेंगे।"
  • Story/Rhyme: "एक पिज़्ज़ा था। चार दोस्तों ने बाँटा। हर एक को कितना मिला? (One pizza for four friends. How much each?)" Students guess in Hindi: "चौथाई!" Teacher: "Yes! In English, one-quarter or 1/4."
  • Quick action: Show a chocolate bar → Break into 2 → "This is half! आधा!"
2. Introduction to Fractions (8–10 minutes)

Objective: Basic meaning bilingually.

  • Explain simply: "Fraction मतलब whole चीज़ को equal parts में बाँटना। A fraction shows a part of a whole."
    (Use apple: Cut into 2 → "One part is half = 1/2. आधा भाग।")

  • Board drawing:

     
     
    English Hindi Picture/Example
    Whole पूर्ण Full circle/apple
    Half आधा 1/2 (two equal parts)
    Quarter चौथाई 1/4 (four equal parts)
     

  • Choral fun: Teacher points → Class says "Half!" / "आधा!"

3. Main Activity 1: Hands-on with Real Objects (10–12 minutes)

Objective: Experience fractions physically.

  • Group activity (4–5 students):
    • Give apple/roti/chocolate.
    • Task: "Fold or cut into halves first. फिर quarters में।"
    • Share equally: "Each friend gets 1/4. हर दोस्त को चौथाई मिला।"
  • Teacher circulates: Ask "How many parts? कितने भाग? What fraction did you eat?"
4. Main Activity 2: Shading and Drawing Fractions (10–12 minutes)

Objective: Visual practice.

  • Paper fun: Give circles/squares.
    • "Shade half red. आधा भाग लाल रंग करो।" → Show 1/2
    • "Shade one quarter blue. चौथाई नीला करो।" → 1/4
    • Intro third: Fold into 3 → Shade 1/3 green.
  • Pair share: "My fraction is 1/2. मेरा भाग आधा है।"
5. Simple Number Line Intro (optional quick, 5 minutes)
  • Draw number line 0 to 1 on board. Mark 1/2, 1/4. "Half is in middle. आधा बीच में है।"
6. Conclusion and Wrap-up (5 minutes)
  • Recap with actions: "Show me half with hands!" (Clap half circle.)
  • Rhyme: "Half and quarter, fun to share! आधा चौथाई, बाँटकर खाओ यार!"
  • Quick: "What is your favourite fraction in food?" (e.g., "Half roti!")

Assessment

  • Formative (during lesson):
    • Observation: Correct cutting/shading, oral naming (half/quarter).
    • Fun oral: "Show 1/4 on your paper."
  • Worksheet (end): Shade given fractions, draw own half apple.
  • Self-assessment: Smileys: "I like fractions!" 😊

Differentiation

  • Advanced: Try thirds or 2/4 = half (intro equivalent simply).
  • Struggling: More real objects, teacher help in Hindi, bigger parts.
  • Active learners: Extra sharing games.

Homework

  • At home: Draw a fruit → Shade half/quarter → Tell family: "This is half! यह आधा है।"
  • Find fractions in kitchen (e.g., half glass milk).

This bilingual lesson uses everyday Hindi examples to make fractions easy and exciting for Grade III, focusing on play and visuals!