Measurement of Area and Perimeter

 

Learning Objectives:
By the end of two weeks, students will be able to:

  1. Define perimeter and area clearly.
  2. Measure perimeter and area of squares and rectangles.
  3. Apply formulas:
    • Perimeter of square = 4 × side
    • Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)
    • Area of square = side × side
    • Area of rectangle = length × breadth
  4. Recognize perimeter and area in real-life objects.
  5. Solve word problems and practical measurement tasks.

Definitions:

  • Perimeter: The total distance around the boundary of a closed shape.
  • Area: The amount of surface enclosed within a shape; the space inside a shape.

Materials Needed:

  • Rulers, measuring tape, string
  • Graph paper, colored pencils, crayons
  • Paper shapes (square, rectangle)
  • Classroom objects (books, tables, doors)
  • Worksheets with shapes, word problems, and measurement exercises

Week 1 – Understanding Perimeter and Area

Day 1 – Introduction to Perimeter

Definition: Perimeter = distance around a shape.

Teacher Activity:

  • Draw a square and rectangle on board.
  • Use string to demonstrate distance around shapes.
  • Explain in words: “Perimeter is the total distance around a shape.”

Student Activity:

  • Trace classroom objects using string and measure with rulers.
  • Record perimeter in notebook.

Inline Questions:

  1. What is perimeter?
  2. Can perimeter be measured in cm and meters?
  3. If a square has side 5 cm, what is its perimeter?
  4. How many sides do we count for perimeter of a square?
  5. Can two different shapes have the same perimeter?
  6. Name classroom objects with perimeter.

Example Problem:

  • Rectangle: length = 6 cm, breadth = 4 cm → P = 2 × (6 + 4) = 20 cm

Day 2 – Calculating Perimeter of Squares and Rectangles

Definitions:

  • Perimeter of square: P = 4 × side
  • Perimeter of rectangle: P = 2 × (length + breadth)

Teacher Activity:

  • Solve examples:
    • Square side = 7 cm → P = 4 × 7 = 28 cm
    • Rectangle 8 × 5 cm → P = 2 × (8 + 5) = 26 cm

Student Activity:

  • Measure classroom objects (books, doors) and calculate perimeter.
  • Draw shapes on graph paper and calculate perimeter.

Inline Questions:

  1. Square side = 6 cm. Find perimeter.
  2. Rectangle length = 9 cm, breadth = 4 cm. Find perimeter.
  3. Can perimeter change if shape changes?
  4. Which is bigger: perimeter of square 5 cm or rectangle 6 × 3 cm?
  5. How many sides are counted in rectangle perimeter?

Day 3 – Perimeter in Real Life

Concept: Perimeter is used in fencing, framing, and boundaries.

Teacher Activity:

  • Show examples: classroom walls, garden fence, table edges.
  • Demonstrate measuring using string or ruler.

Student Activity:

  • Measure classroom objects using rulers or footsteps.
  • Record and calculate perimeters.

Inline Questions:

  1. Find perimeter of classroom blackboard.
  2. How many meters of fence are needed for a rectangular garden 10 × 6 m?
  3. Can two objects with same perimeter look different?
  4. Does increasing the side length increase perimeter?
  5. Find perimeter of your table and chair combined.

Example Problem:

  • Rectangular garden 12 m × 8 m → Perimeter = 2 × (12 + 8) = 40 m

Day 4 – Introduction to Area

Definition: Area = the amount of space enclosed within a shape.

Teacher Activity:

  • Explain using colored squares inside rectangles:
    • Rectangle 3 × 4 squares → Area = 12 square units
  • Highlight difference between perimeter (boundary) and area (inside space).

Student Activity:

  • Use graph paper to draw rectangle 4 × 5 squares and color inside to find area.

Inline Questions:

  1. What is area?
  2. Can two shapes have same area but different perimeter?
  3. Find area of rectangle 6 × 3 squares.
  4. Can area be bigger than perimeter?
  5. How do we calculate area of a square?

Example Problem:

  • Square 5 × 5 cm → Area = 5 × 5 = 25 cm²

Day 5 – Calculating Area of Squares and Rectangles

Definitions:

  • Area of square: A = side × side
  • Area of rectangle: A = length × breadth

Teacher Activity:

  • Solve examples:
    • Rectangle 6 × 4 → Area = 24 cm²
    • Square 7 → Area = 49 cm²

Student Activity:

  • Measure classroom objects and calculate area.
  • Draw shapes on graph paper and compute area.

Inline Questions:

  1. Find area of square with side 8 cm.
  2. Rectangle length 9 cm, breadth 3 cm. Area = ?
  3. Can area be measured in cm² and m²?
  4. If side doubles, how does area change?
  5. Which rectangle has bigger area: 5 × 6 or 4 × 7?

Week 2 – Advanced Practice, Comparison, and Word Problems

Day 6 – Comparing Area and Perimeter

Concept: Perimeter = boundary, Area = space inside.

Teacher Activity:

  • Draw two rectangles: 4 × 6 and 3 × 8, compare perimeter and area.

Student Activity:

  • Worksheets: color shapes, find area and perimeter, compare values.

Inline Questions:

  1. Which has bigger area: 4 × 6 or 3 × 8?
  2. Which has bigger perimeter: 4 × 6 or 3 × 8?
  3. Can a shape have bigger perimeter but smaller area?
  4. Draw two rectangles with same area but different perimeter.
  5. Can square have smaller area than rectangle with bigger perimeter?

Day 7 – Area and Perimeter in Real Life

Concept: Area = floor space, Perimeter = fencing, framing.

Teacher Activity:

  • Show examples: flooring, tiling, fencing, playgrounds.

Student Activity:

  • Measure classroom or playground, calculate area and perimeter.
  • Estimate tiles required to cover floor using graph paper.

Inline Questions:

  1. How many tiles needed to cover classroom floor 6 × 5 m?
  2. How many meters of fence needed for garden 10 × 8 m?
  3. Can a playground have bigger perimeter than area?
  4. Which uses more space: square 5 × 5 or rectangle 6 × 4?
  5. Estimate area of your notebook in cm².

Day 8 – Word Problems on Perimeter

Teacher Activity:

  • Examples:
    • Rectangular garden 12 × 7 m → find perimeter
    • Square park side = 9 m → find perimeter

Student Activity:

  • Solve worksheet problems individually or in groups.

Inline Questions:

  1. Rectangle 8 × 5 m → perimeter = ?
  2. Square side 7 m → perimeter = ?
  3. Garden 10 × 3 m → fence required = ?
  4. Can perimeter be calculated in cm and m?
  5. Draw rectangle with perimeter 20 cm.

Day 9 – Word Problems on Area

Teacher Activity:

  • Examples:
    • Floor tiles 5 × 4 m → Area = ?
    • Book cover 6 × 3 cm → Area = ?

Student Activity:

  • Solve problems, color squares on graph paper to visualize area.

Inline Questions:

  1. Find area of rectangle 7 × 3 cm.
  2. Can rectangle with bigger perimeter have smaller area?
  3. Classroom floor 12 × 10 m → area = ?
  4. Draw square with area 36 cm².
  5. Compare area of 6 × 4 rectangle vs 5 × 5 square.

Day 10 – Revision, Games, and Assessment

Teacher Activity:

  • Worksheets with shapes, word problems, coloring.
  • Game: “Perimeter and Area Hunt” – measure classroom objects, calculate perimeter and area.

Student Activity:

  • Complete worksheets and participate in classroom activity.

Inline Questions:

  1. Calculate perimeter of your notebook.
  2. Area of rectangular desk = ?
  3. Which is bigger: area or perimeter of blackboard?
  4. How many square tiles needed to cover 1 m²?
  5. Draw rectangle with area 12 cm² and perimeter 14 cm.
  6. Give examples of area and perimeter from home.
  7. Which uses more space: square 6 × 6 or rectangle 4 × 8?