Lesson Plan: Decimals

Learning Objectives (अधिगम उद्देश्य)

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

English:

  1. Understand the meaning of decimals.
  2. Identify the decimal point and place values.
  3. Read and write decimal numbers.
  4. Convert fractions into decimals.
  5. Compare and arrange decimals.
  6. Add and subtract decimal numbers.

हिंदी:

  1. दशमलव का अर्थ समझ सकेंगे।
  2. दशमलव बिंदु और स्थान-मूल्य पहचान सकेंगे।
  3. दशमलव संख्याओं को पढ़ और लिख सकेंगे।
  4. भिन्नों को दशमलव में बदल सकेंगे।
  5. दशमलव संख्याओं की तुलना और क्रम कर सकेंगे।
  6. दशमलव संख्याओं का जोड़ और घटाव कर सकेंगे।

Teaching Aids (शिक्षण सामग्री)

  • Place value chart (स्थान-मूल्य चार्ट)
  • Money notes and coins (रुपये और पैसे)
  • Decimal strips
  • Blackboard
  • Number cards
  • Worksheets

Previous Knowledge (पूर्व ज्ञान)

Students know:

  • Whole numbers (पूर्ण संख्याएँ)
  • Place value (स्थान-मूल्य)
  • Fractions (भिन्न)
  • Money (रुपये और पैसे)

Day 1: Introduction to Decimals (दशमलव का परिचय)

Activity: Understanding Money (पैसे से समझना)

Teacher shows:

₹5.50

Ask students:

"How many rupees and paise?"

Answer:

5 rupees and 50 paise

Teacher explains:

50 paise = 50/100 rupee = 0.50 rupee

Study Material: Decimals (दशमलव)

Definition:

English:
A decimal is a way of writing numbers that have a whole part and a fractional part separated by a decimal point.

Hindi:
दशमलव वह संख्या है जिसमें पूर्ण भाग और भिन्नात्मक भाग को दशमलव बिंदु (.) द्वारा अलग किया जाता है।

Example:

5.75

Here:

5 = Whole number part (पूर्ण भाग)

75 = Decimal part (दशमलव भाग)

. = Decimal point (दशमलव बिंदु)

Place Value of Decimals (दशमलव का स्थान-मूल्य)

Example:

23.456

Tens

Ones

Decimal Point

Tenths

Hundredths

Thousandths

2

3

.

4

5

6

Important Points:

  1. The first digit after decimal is called tenths.

दशमलव के बाद पहली संख्या को दशांश कहते हैं।

Example:

0.5 = five tenths

  1. The second digit after decimal is called hundredths.

दशमलव के बाद दूसरी संख्या को सौवाँ कहते हैं।

Example:

0.25 = twenty-five hundredths

Classroom Practice:

Write the place value:

  1. 4.6
    6 is at ______ place.
  2. 7.25
    5 is at ______ place.

Day 2: Reading and Writing Decimals (दशमलव पढ़ना और लिखना)

Reading Decimals:

Examples:

0.5 = Zero point five

0.25 = Zero point two five

3.75 = Three point seven five

Writing Decimals:

Example:

Seven and twenty-five hundredths

= 7.25

Decimal and Fractions (दशमलव और भिन्न)

Conversion:

Tenths:

310=0.3\frac{3}{10}=0.3103​=0.3

Hundredths:

25100=0.25\frac{25}{100}=0.2510025​=0.25 

Activity:

Convert into decimals:

  1. 4/10 = ______
  2. 7/10 = ______
  3. 50/100 = ______

Day 3: Comparing Decimals (दशमलव की तुलना)

Rule:

Compare whole numbers first.

पहले पूर्ण भाग की तुलना करें।

If whole parts are equal, compare decimal parts.

यदि पूर्ण भाग समान हो तो दशमलव भाग की तुलना करें।

Example:

Compare:

4.5 and 4.8

Whole parts are same.

Compare decimal parts:

5 < 8

Therefore:

4.5 < 4.8

Arrange in Ascending Order:

Example:

2.5, 1.5, 3.5

Answer:

1.5 < 2.5 < 3.5

Activity:

Put >, < or =

  1. 5.6 ___ 5.8
  2. 7.25 ___ 7.25
  3. 3.9 ___ 3.5

Day 4: Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Addition of Decimals

Rule:

Write decimal points in the same column.

दशमलव बिंदु एक ही स्थान पर रखें।

Example:

  4.50 + 2.25 -------  6.75

 

Subtraction of Decimals

Example:

  8.75 - 3.25 -------  5.50

 

Word Problems (शब्द समस्याएँ)

Question 1:

A bottle contains 2.5 litres of water. Another bottle contains 1.5 litres. Find total water.

Solution:

2.5 + 1.5 = 4.0 litres

Answer: 4 litres

Question 2:

A rope is 8.5 m long. 3.5 m is cut. How much rope is left?

Solution:

8.5 - 3.5 = 5.0 m

Answer: 5 metres

Day 5: Revision and Application

Real-Life Uses of Decimals (दशमलव का जीवन में उपयोग)

Decimals are used in:

दशमलव का प्रयोग होता है:

  1. Money (पैसे में)

₹10.50

  1. Measurement (माप में)

2.5 metres

  1. Weight (वजन में)

5.5 kg

  1. Temperature (तापमान में)

36.5°C

Worksheet (अभ्यास पत्र)

A. Fill in the blanks:

  1. The symbol (.) is called ______.
  2. The first digit after decimal represents ______.
  3. 50 paise = ______ rupee.
  4. 0.25 has ______ decimal places.
  5. 5.5 is read as ______.

B. Write in words:

  1. 3.5 = __________
  2. 7.25 = __________
  3. 10.50 = __________

C. Convert into decimals:

  1. 6/10 = ______
  2. 45/100 = ______
  3. 8/10 = ______

D. Compare:

  1. 4.5 ___ 4.7
  2. 8.25 ___ 8.25
  3. 6.9 ___ 6.3

E. Add:

  1. 4.5 + 2.3 = ______
  2. 6.75 + 1.25 = ______

F. Subtract:

  1. 8.5 - 3.2 = ______
  2. 10.75 - 5.25 = ______

Assessment Questions (मूल्यांकन)

  1. What is a decimal number?
  2. What is the value of the digit 5 in 2.56?
  3. Convert 3/10 into decimal.
  4. Arrange 2.5, 2.8, 2.3 in ascending order.
  5. Add: 5.25 + 3.50

Homework (गृहकार्य)

  1. Write the place value of each digit:

a) 12.45
b) 8.76

  1. Convert:

a) 7/10
b) 35/100

  1. Solve:

a) 6.5 + 2.5
b) 9.75 - 4.25