Questions and Answers: The Great Indians

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is known as the father of plastic surgery?
   • Answer: (c) Sushruta
2. Charaka Samhita is written by _______.
   • Answer: (b) Charaka
3. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
   • Answer: (d) Rabindranath Tagore – Pushpanjali (Tagore's most famous work is Gitanjali)
4. Which of the following personalities is shown in the picture given above?
   • Answer: (d) None of these (The picture shows Rabindranath Tagore, who is not in the options)
5. Who raised Buddhism from a local sect to a world religion?
   • Answer: (b) Ashoka

B. Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Name the main ragas of the great musician Tansen.
   • Answer: Miyan ki Todi, Miyan ki Malhar, Miyan ki Sarang, and Darbari Kanada.
2. Where was Rabindranath Tagore born?
   • Answer: Calcutta (now Kolkata), West Bengal.
3. Who composed our National Anthem?
   • Answer: Rabindranath Tagore.
4. Who followed the policy of religious tolerance?
   • Answer: Emperor Akbar (and King Ashoka).
5. Name a few famous works of Kalidasa.
   • Answer: Abhijnana Shakuntalam, Meghaduta, and Raghuvaṃśa.

C. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Describe the contributions of Sushruta and Charaka in the medical field.
   • Answer:
     • Sushruta: Known as the "Father of Plastic Surgery." He wrote the Sushruta Samhita and pioneered complex surgical methods, including rhinoplasty (nose reconstruction) and cataract surgeries.
     • Charaka: Known as the "Father of Medicine." He wrote the Charaka Samhita, a foundational text on Ayurveda that detailed various diseases, their diagnoses, and treatments using herbs and diet.
2. How did Rabindranath Tagore contribute to the progress of India?
   • Answer: Tagore enriched India's cultural identity through his poems, stories, and songs. He composed the National Anthem, "Jana Gana Mana," which fostered national unity. He also promoted a unique progressive education system by establishing Visva-Bharati University at Santiniketan.
3. What did Kabir try to show through his poems?
   • Answer: Kabir used his poems (dohas) to preach communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims. He strongly criticized empty religious rituals, social evils, and the caste system, teaching that God is one and resides in everyone's heart.
4. What do you know about Sir C.V. Raman? Mention his great achievements.
   • Answer: Sir C.V. Raman was a world-renowned Indian physicist. His greatest achievement was the discovery of the Raman Effect (which explains why light scatters when passing through a transparent material). For this discovery, he became the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
5. Describe the great works of King Ashoka.
   • Answer: King Ashoka embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga War and spread its teachings of peace and non-violence across Asia. He set up rock edicts and pillars to guide citizens on righteous living (Dhamma), built hospitals for humans and animals, planted trees, dug wells, and constructed rest houses along roads.

D. Fill in the Blanks

1. Sushruta was an expert in removing stones from kidneys.
2. Charaka described about the digestion and metabolism of food.
3. Tansen learnt music from Swami Haridas.
4. Rabindranath Tagore founded Visva-Bharati (Santiniketan) in West Bengal.
5. Most of the Kalidasa's works depict nature, love, and mythology.
6. Kabir was a great poet and social reformer of his time.
7. Ashoka raised Buddhism from a local sect to a world religion.

8. Physics and Music (Acoustics) were the favourite subjects of C.V. Raman.

    

E. Match the following columns.

High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)