Lesson Plan: Pronouns | American School

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES / अधिगम उद्देश्य

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

Define a pronoun and explain its purpose.
Pronoun की परिभाषा और उसके प्रयोग को समझना।
Identify pronouns in sentences.
वाक्यों में Pronouns की पहचान करना।
Understand different kinds of pronouns.
Pronouns के विभिन्न प्रकारों को समझना।
Use personal pronouns correctly.
Personal Pronouns का सही प्रयोग करना।
Distinguish between subject and object pronouns.
Subject और Object Pronouns में अंतर करना।
Use possessive, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite and distributive pronouns correctly.
विभिन्न प्रकार के Pronouns का सही प्रयोग करना।
Understand pronoun-antecedent agreement.
Pronoun और उसके antecedent के बीच सही agreement समझना।
Use pronouns correctly while writing sentences and paragraphs.
वाक्य और अनुच्छेद लिखते समय Pronouns का सही प्रयोग करना।

PERIOD 1 – INTRODUCTION TO PRONOUNS

2. WHAT IS A PRONOUN? / PRONOUN क्या है?

Definition

English:
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or noun phrase to avoid repetition.

Hindi:
Pronoun वह शब्द है जिसका प्रयोग Noun या Noun Phrase के स्थान पर किया जाता है, ताकि एक ही Noun को बार-बार दोहराने से बचा जा सके।

Example

Without a pronoun:

Rahul is a student. Rahul is intelligent. Rahul works hard. Rahul is punctual.

This sounds repetitive.

With pronouns:

Rahul is a student. He is intelligent. He works hard. He is punctual.

Here, he is used in place of Rahul.

More Examples

Riya is my friend. She is very helpful.
The dog is hungry. It needs food.
Rahul and I are classmates. We study together.
The children are playing. They are happy.
I have a book. It is interesting.

Key Point

Noun: Rahul
Pronoun: He

Noun: Riya
Pronoun: She

Noun: Children
Pronoun: They

3. WHY DO WE USE PRONOUNS?

We use pronouns mainly to:

1. Avoid repetition

Riya is a good student. Riya studies regularly.

Better:

Riya is a good student. She studies regularly.

2. Make sentences natural

The teacher entered the classroom. The teacher greeted the students.

Better:

The teacher entered the classroom. She greeted the students.

Hindi Explanation

यदि हम हर वाक्य में एक ही Noun को बार-बार दोहराते रहें, तो भाषा अस्वाभाविक और उबाऊ लगती है। Pronouns repetition को कम करते हैं।

PERIOD 2 – PERSONAL PRONOUNS

4. PERSONAL PRONOUNS / पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

English:
Personal Pronouns refer to particular persons, animals, or things.

Hindi:
Personal Pronouns का प्रयोग किसी व्यक्ति, पशु या वस्तु के स्थान पर किया जाता है।

The main personal pronouns are:

I, we, you, he, she, it, they

PERSONAL PRONOUN CHART

Person

Singular

Plural

First Person

Second Person

you

Third Person

he, she, it

they

First Person

The speaker refers to himself/herself.

Examples:

I am a teacher.

We are students.

Second Person

The person being spoken to.

Examples:

You are very kind.

You are good students.

Third Person

The person, animal, or thing being spoken about.

he
she
it
they

Examples:

He is my brother.

She is my sister.

It is a beautiful flower.

They are my friends.

5. SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS

Students should understand that personal pronouns can have different forms depending on their position in a sentence.

Subject Pronouns

I, we, you, he, she, it, they

They usually perform the action.

Examples:

I read books.

She sings well.

They play football.

Object Pronouns

me, us, you, him, her, it, them

They usually receive the action or come after a preposition.

Examples:

Rahul called me.

The teacher praised him.

I helped her.

She invited them.

SUBJECT–OBJECT CHART

Subject Pronoun

Object Pronoun

you

him

she

her

they

them

Examples

I helped him.

She called me.

They invited us.

We met them.

PERIOD 3 – POSSESSIVE AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

6. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS / अधिकारवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

A Possessive Pronoun shows ownership or possession.

Hindi:
Possessive Pronoun किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति पर अधिकार या संबंध को दर्शाता है।

Common Possessive Pronouns

mine
ours
yours
his
hers
theirs

Examples

This book is mine.

That house is ours.

This pen is yours.

The blue bag is hers.

The classroom is theirs.

Important Difference

Possessive Pronoun:

This book is mine.

Possessive Determiner:

This is my book.

Similarly:

my → mine
our → ours
your → yours
her → hers
their → theirs

7. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS / निजवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

A Reflexive Pronoun refers back to the subject of the sentence.

Hindi:
Reflexive Pronoun का प्रयोग तब होता है जब Subject और Object एक ही व्यक्ति या वस्तु हों।

Forms

myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves

Examples

I hurt myself.

She taught herself.

He blamed himself.

We enjoyed ourselves.

They introduced themselves.

The cat cleaned itself.

Hindi Explanation

Rahul hurt himself.

यहाँ Rahul और himself एक ही व्यक्ति हैं।

8. EMPHASISING USE OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive pronouns can also be used to emphasize a noun or pronoun.

I myself completed the work.

The principal herself welcomed the guests.

The students themselves prepared the project.

Here, the reflexive pronoun gives emphasis.

PERIOD 4 – DEMONSTRATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

9. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS / संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

Demonstrative Pronouns point out particular people or things.

Hindi:
Demonstrative Pronouns किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करते हैं।

Main Demonstrative Pronouns

this
that
these
those

Usage

This → one thing/person near

This is my book.

That → one thing/person far

That is your house.

These → more than one near

These are my shoes.

Those → more than one far

Those are beautiful flowers.

Quick Rule

This → singular + near

That → singular + far

These → plural + near

Those → plural + far

10. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS / प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions.

Hindi:
Questions पूछने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाने वाले Pronouns को Interrogative Pronouns कहते हैं।

Common Interrogative Pronouns

who
whom
whose
which
what

Examples

Who is at the door?

Whom did you meet?

Whose book is this?

Which is your bag?

What is your name?

Basic Usage

Who → asks about a person

Who is your teacher?

Whom → usually refers to the object of an action

Whom did you call?

Whose → asks about possession

Whose pen is this?

Which → asks about a choice

Which is your favourite subject?

What → asks about a thing or information

What do you want?

PERIOD 5 – RELATIVE AND INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

11. RELATIVE PRONOUNS / सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

A Relative Pronoun connects a relative clause to a noun or pronoun mentioned earlier.

Hindi:
Relative Pronoun किसी Noun के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी देने वाले clause को मुख्य वाक्य से जोड़ता है।

Common Relative Pronouns

who
whom
whose
which
that

Examples

The boy who won the race is my brother.

This is the book that I bought.

The girl whose bag was lost is crying.

This is the house which my father built.

Understanding the Sentence

The boy who won the race is my brother.

The words who won the race give additional information about the boy.

12. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS / अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम

Definition

An Indefinite Pronoun refers to a person or thing without specifying exactly who or what it is.

Hindi:
ऐसे Pronouns जो किसी निश्चित व्यक्ति या वस्तु का नाम नहीं बताते, उन्हें Indefinite Pronouns कहते हैं।

Examples

someone
somebody
something
anyone
anybody
anything
everyone
everybody
everything
nobody
no one
nothing
each
either
neither
many
few
several
all
some
none

Examples in Sentences

Someone is knocking at the door.

Everybody enjoyed the programme.

Nobody knew the answer.

Everything is ready.

Anyone can participate.

Nothing is impossible with hard work.

PERIOD 6 – DISTRIBUTIVE AND RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS + REVISION

13. DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS / वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम

Distributive Pronouns refer to members of a group individually.

Main Distributive Pronouns

each
either
neither

Each

Refers to every individual separately.

Each of the students received a certificate.

Either

Means one of two.

Either of the two answers is correct.

Neither

Means not one and not the other of two.

Neither of the two boys was absent.

14. RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS / परस्परवाचक सर्वनाम

Reciprocal Pronouns show a mutual relationship or action between two or more people.

Main Reciprocal Pronouns

each other
one another

Examples

The two friends helped each other.

The players congratulated one another.

The children shared their books with each other.

Simple Understanding

each other / one another = mutually

15. PRONOUN–ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT

An antecedent is the noun or noun phrase to which a pronoun refers.

Example

Riya lost her book.

Here:

Riya = antecedent
her = pronoun

The pronoun should agree with its antecedent in number and person, and generally in gender where relevant.

Singular

Rahul forgot his bag.

Riya forgot her bag.

Plural

The boys brought their books.

The girls brought their books.

Incorrect:

❌ The boys brought his books.

Correct:

✔ The boys brought their books.

16. COMMON ERRORS

Error 1

❌ Me and Rahul went to school.

✔ Rahul and I went to school.

Error 2

❌ Her and I are friends.

✔ She and I are friends.

Error 3

❌ The teacher called Rahul and I.

✔ The teacher called Rahul and me.

Error 4

❌ Everyone must bring their book.

For formal traditional grammar exercises, students may encounter:

✔ Everyone must bring his or her book.

However, in modern standard English, singular they/their is also widely accepted:

✔ Everyone must bring their book.

Error 5

❌ This books are mine.

✔ These books are mine.

Error 6

❌ Those is my bag.

✔ That is my bag.

17. COMPLETE PRONOUN REVISION CHART

Type

Main Examples

Use

Personal

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Refer to persons/things

Possessive

mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs

Show possession

Reflexive

myself, himself, herself, themselves

Refer back to subject

Demonstrative

this, that, these, those

Point out

Interrogative

who, whom, whose, which, what

Ask questions

Relative

who, whom, whose, which, that

Join clauses

Indefinite

someone, anyone, everyone, nobody

Refer generally

Distributive

each, either, neither

Refer individually

Reciprocal

each other, one another

Show mutual action

18. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

Activity 1 – Replace the Noun

Rewrite the sentences using suitable pronouns.

Rahul is a good boy. Rahul studies hard.
Riya is my friend. Riya lives near my house.
The children are playing. The children are happy.
My father bought a car. My father drives it carefully.
The dog is hungry. The dog needs food.

Activity 2 – Identify the Pronoun

Underline the pronouns.

She is my best friend.
They are playing football.
This book is mine.
He hurt himself.
Who is knocking at the door?
Everyone enjoyed the show.
These are yours.
The girl who won the race is my sister.

Activity 3 – Identify the Type

Identify the type of pronoun.

I
herself
mine
this
who
someone
each
each other
which
they

19. ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Oral Questions

What is a pronoun?
Why do we use pronouns?
Give five personal pronouns.
What is a reflexive pronoun?
Give two demonstrative pronouns.
What are interrogative pronouns?
What is an indefinite pronoun?
What is a relative pronoun?
Name the distributive pronouns.
What are reciprocal pronouns?

20. WRITTEN PRACTICE

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.

Rohan is absent because ______ is ill.
Riya and I are friends. ______ study together.
The children are playing. ______ are happy.
This pen belongs to me. It is ______.
She completed the work by ______.
______ is your favourite subject?
______ is knocking at the door?
______ of the two answers is correct.
The two brothers helped ______.
______ is my new school bag.

21. HOMEWORK

Grade VI

Define a pronoun with five examples.
Write all personal pronouns.
Write the subject and object forms of personal pronouns.
Write five sentences using reflexive pronouns.
Write five sentences using demonstrative pronouns.
Identify the pronouns in ten sentences.

Grade VII

Explain all major kinds of pronouns with examples.
Write the difference between subject and object pronouns.
Explain possessive and reflexive pronouns with examples.
Write ten sentences using relative pronouns.
Write ten sentences using indefinite pronouns.
Explain pronoun-antecedent agreement.
Write a paragraph of 100–120 words and underline all the pronouns.

22. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME / अपेक्षित अधिगम परिणाम

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

identify pronouns correctly;
explain why pronouns are used;
distinguish between different types of pronouns;
use personal pronouns correctly;
differentiate between subject and object pronouns;
use possessive and reflexive pronouns;
use demonstrative and interrogative pronouns;
identify relative and indefinite pronouns;
understand distributive and reciprocal pronouns;
maintain correct pronoun–antecedent agreement;
use pronouns accurately in speaking and writing.

Final Rule for Students

A pronoun takes the place of a noun, but it must clearly refer to the correct noun and agree with it in number and person.