Lesson Plan: Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

Class: VII (Age 12–13 years)
Subject: Mathematics
Chapter/Topic: Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages (Aligned with NCERT/CBSE Syllabus – Chapter 2: Fractions and Decimals, with extension to percentages)
Duration: 60 minutes (Can be extended to 2 periods for deeper practice)
Date: Flexible (Mid-term, after basic fractions and decimals are introduced)

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

  1. Revise and compare fractions and decimals.
  2. Convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages accurately.
  3. Solve real-life word problems involving fractions, decimals, and percentages (e.g., discounts, scores, profit/loss).
  4. Understand the interrelationship between fractions, decimals, and percentages.
  5. Develop logical reasoning and problem-solving skills through practical applications.

Prerequisites (Assumed Knowledge)

  • Basic operations on fractions (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division).
  • Basic operations on decimals.
  • Concept of ratio and proportion (brief revision if needed).

Key Concepts Covered

  • Equivalent fractions.
  • Conversion: Fraction ↔ Decimal ↔ Percentage.
  • Percentage as a fraction with denominator 100.
  • Applications: Finding percentage of a quantity, increase/decrease, simple interest basics (introductory).

Materials Required

  • Whiteboard/markers or smartboard.
  • Chart paper: Conversion table (Fraction-Decimal-Percentage equivalents, e.g., 1/2 = 0.5 = 50%).
  • Handouts/Worksheets: Conversion exercises and word problems.
  • Real-life props: A pizza cut into slices (picture or model), shop discount tags, cricket score cards (for percentage examples).
  • Calculator (for teacher demonstration only; students encouraged to do mentally/manually).
  • Projector (optional): For showing real-life images (e.g., sale banners, marksheets).

Teaching Methods

  • Interactive lecture with questioning.
  • Demonstrative (using charts and props).
  • Group activities and pair work.
  • Problem-solving approach with real-life connections.

Lesson Procedure

1. Introduction / Warm-Up (10 minutes)

Objective: Recap prior knowledge and arouse curiosity.

  • Greeting and Hook: Begin with a real-life scenario: "Imagine you scored 85 out of 100 in Maths – that's great! But what if it's written as 85% or 85/100 or 0.85? Are they the same?" Show a pizza divided into 8 slices, eat/remove 3: "What part is left? How would you write it as a fraction, decimal, or percentage?"
  • Quick Revision (Oral): Ask:
    • What is a fraction? (e.g., 3/4)
    • What is a decimal? (e.g., 0.75)
    • Have you seen '%' on shop boards? What does it mean? Link: "Today we will learn how these three are connected and use them in daily life."
  • State Objectives: Write on board: "We will learn to convert fractions ↔ decimals ↔ percentages and solve fun problems!"
2. Main Teaching / Development (30–35 minutes)

Objective: Explain concepts with examples and practice conversions.

  • Step 1: Revision of Fractions and Decimals (5 minutes)
    Demonstrate:

    • Equivalent fractions: 1/2 = 2/4 = 50/100.
    • Decimal to fraction: 0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4 (simplify). Use place value chart for decimals.

  • Step 2: Introducing Percentages (10 minutes)
    Explain: "Per cent means 'per hundred' or /100."
    Examples on board:

    • 50% = 50/100 = 1/2 = 0.5
    • 25% = 25/100 = 1/4 = 0.25
    • 75% = 75/100 = 3/4 = 0.75
    • 10% = 10/100 = 1/10 = 0.1

    Conversion Rules (Write on board):

    • Fraction to Percentage: Multiply by 100 and add %. (e.g., 3/5 × 100 = 60%)
    • Decimal to Percentage: Multiply by 100 and add %. (e.g., 0.45 × 100 = 45%)
    • Percentage to Fraction/Decimal: Remove % and divide by 100.

  • Step 3: Practice Conversions (10 minutes)
    Guided Practice (Board work):
    Convert:

    1. 7/10 to decimal and percentage. (0.7, 70%)
    2. 0.25 to fraction and percentage. (1/4, 25%)
    3. 40% to fraction and decimal. (2/5, 0.4)

  • Step 4: Real-Life Applications (10 minutes)
    Word Problems (Discuss 2–3):

    • In a sale, a shirt costs ₹800 with 20% discount. What is the sale price? (₹640)
    • Ravi scored 84 out of 120 in a test. What is his percentage? (70%)
    • 25% of a class of 40 students are girls. How many girls? (10)

    Use props: Show discount tag – "20% off means you pay 80%."

3. Activity / Practice (10 minutes)

Objective: Reinforce through hands-on work.

  • Group Activity: Divide class into groups of 4–5. Give worksheet with:
    • 10 conversion questions.
    • 5 word problems (e.g., profit 15% on ₹500, marks percentage).
  • Pair-Share: Pairs solve one problem, explain to class.
4. Conclusion and Recap (5 minutes)

Objective: Consolidate learning.

  • Quick Quiz (Oral):
    • Convert 1/5 to percentage. (20%)
    • What is 50% of 200? (100)
  • Summary: "Fractions, decimals, and percentages are different ways to show the same part of a whole. They help in shopping, exams, and sports!"
  • Link to Life: "Next time you see a sale or your marksheet, think in all three forms!"

Assessment

  • Formative (During Lesson): Observation of participation in oral revision and group activity. Note accuracy in conversions.
  • Summative: Worksheet completion (mark conversions 60%, word problems 40%).
  • Informal: Exit Ticket: "Write one thing you learned today and one conversion example."

Differentiation

  • For Advanced Students: Harder problems (e.g., recurring decimals like 1/3 = 0.333... = 33.33%).
  • For Struggling Students: Provide conversion chart; pair with stronger peers; use more visuals.

Homework

  1. Complete remaining worksheet questions.
  2. Find 3 real-life examples of percentages (e.g., from newspaper/shop) and convert to fraction/decimal.
  3. Practice 10 conversions from textbook exercises.

Notes for Teacher

  • Emphasize mental math for simple conversions (e.g., 10%, 20%, 50%).
  • Use inclusive examples (cricket scores, festival discounts) for Indian context.
  • Encourage estimation: "About 50% means half."
  • Time management: If short on time, move applications to next period.
  • Extension: Relate to ratio/proportion in future lessons.

This lesson builds conceptual understanding with practical relevance, aligning with NCERT objectives for logical and application-based learning.