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- Number Systems (Real Numbers)
- Rational & irrational numbers, operations on real numbers, laws of exponents, decimal expansions, representation on the number line.
- Polynomials
- Polynomials in one variable, zeroes of a polynomial, remainder theorem, factorization, and algebraic identities.
- Coordinate Geometry
- Cartesian system, plotting points, coordinates in the plane.
- Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Solutions of linear equations, graphing them, and equations of lines parallel to the axes.
- Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry
- Euclid’s definitions, axioms & postulates, equivalent versions of the fifth postulate.
- Lines and Angles
- Basic terms, pairs of angles, parallel lines & transversal, and the angle sum property of a triangle.
- Triangles
- Congruence criteria, properties of triangles, inequalities in a triangle.
- Quadrilaterals
- Angle sum property, types (parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square), properties & mid-point theorem.
- Circles
- Terms (chord, arc, sector, tangent), theorems on equal chords, angles subtended by arcs, cyclic quadrilaterals.
- Areas (related to Parallelograms and Triangles) / Heron’s Formula
- Figures on the same base & between parallels, area of a triangle using Heron’s formula, applications to quadrilaterals.
- Surface Areas and Volumes
- Surface areas & volumes of cuboid, cube, cylinder, cone, sphere (including combinations).
- Statistics
- Collection & presentation of data, graphical representation (bar graphs, histograms, frequency polygons), measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode).
