Learning Objectives (अधिगम उद्देश्य)
English
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
- Add two-digit numbers within 100 without regrouping (carry).
- Subtract two-digit numbers within 100 without borrowing.
- Understand addition and subtraction using place value (tens and ones).
- Solve addition and subtraction using number lines and objects.
- Solve simple word problems.
- Check answers using mental strategies.
हिन्दी
पाठ के अंत तक विद्यार्थी—
- 100 तक दो अंकों की संख्याओं का जोड़ बिना कैरी करेंगे।
- 100 तक दो अंकों की संख्याओं का घटाव बिना उधार करेंगे।
- दहाई एवं इकाई की सहायता से जोड़-घटाव करेंगे।
- संख्या रेखा तथा वस्तुओं का प्रयोग करके प्रश्न हल करेंगे।
- सरल शब्द समस्याएँ हल करेंगे।
- अपने उत्तर की जाँच करना सीखेंगे।
Prerequisite Knowledge (पूर्व ज्ञान)
Students already know:
- Numbers from 1–100
- Place value (Tens and Ones)
- Addition and subtraction up to 20
- Counting forward and backward
Teaching Learning Materials (TLMs)
- Number chart (1–100)
- Base-10 blocks
- Bundles of sticks
- Loose sticks
- Abacus
- Flash cards
- Number cards
- Counters
- Blackboard
- Worksheets
- Number line
Key Vocabulary
English
हिन्दी
Addition
जोड़
Subtraction
घटाव
Add
जोड़ना
Subtract
घटाना
Sum
योग
Difference
अंतर
Total
कुल
Left
बचा
Tens
दहाई
Ones
इकाई
Number Line
संख्या रेखा
Period 1 – Revision of Addition
Introduction
Teacher shows:
24 pencils
Then adds 13 pencils.
Ask:
How many pencils are there now?
Students count.
Explain:
We add ones first, then tens.
Study Material
What is Addition?
English
Addition means joining two or more groups to find the total.
हिन्दी
दो या अधिक समूहों को मिलाकर कुल संख्या ज्ञात करना जोड़ कहलाता है।
Addition Symbol
+
Adding Ones and Tens
Example 1
24+13---- 37
Ones:
4 + 3 = 7
Tens:
2 + 1 = 3
Answer = 37
Example 2
45+22---- 67
5 + 2 = 7
4 + 2 = 6
Example 3
36+12---- 48
Example 4
51+28---- 79
Example 5
43+16---- 59
Using Place Value
Example
34
=
3 Tens
4 Ones
22
=
2 Tens
2 Ones
Total
5 Tens
6 Ones
Answer = 56
Using Number Line
Example
Start at 32
Move 6 steps forward
Answer = 38
Period 2 – Subtraction
Introduction
Teacher shows 48 blocks.
Removes 15 blocks.
Ask:
How many blocks are left?
Students count.
What is Subtraction?
English
Subtraction means taking away.
हिन्दी
किसी संख्या में से कुछ हटाना घटाव कहलाता है।
Subtraction Symbol
−
Subtract Ones First
Example 1
46-14---- 32
Ones
6 − 4 = 2
Tens
4 − 1 = 3
Example 2
59-27---- 32
Example 3
68-15---- 53
Example 4
75-23---- 52
Example 5
87-36---- 51
Period 3 – Practice
Addition
23 + 15 = __41 + 28 = __54 + 24 = __36 + 13 = __62 + 27 = __71 + 18 = __45 + 34 = __52 + 16 = __64 + 25 = __33 + 44 = __
Subtraction
46 − 13 = __68 − 24 = __75 − 32 = __89 − 17 = __57 − 15 = __93 − 41 = __84 − 23 = __66 − 12 = __71 − 20 = __58 − 27 = __
Period 4 – Activities
Activity 1 – Build the Numbers
Students make numbers using base-10 blocks.
Example
34 + 22
Combine blocks.
Count tens and ones.
Activity 2 – Shopping Game
Items
Apple = ₹12
Ball = ₹25
Book = ₹34
Pencil = ₹11
Students calculate the total cost of two items.
Activity 3 – Take Away Game
Children receive 50 counters.
Teacher asks
Take away 13.
Count the remaining counters.
Activity 4 – Number Line Race
Students jump forward for addition and backward for subtraction on a floor number line.
Real-Life Word Problems
English
1
Riya has 24 crayons.
Her friend gives her 15 more.
How many crayons does she have now?
24 + 15 = 39
2
Rahul has 58 marbles.
He gives 26 marbles to his brother.
How many marbles are left?
58 − 26 = 32
3
There are 43 birds on a tree.
Later 25 more birds come.
How many birds are there now?
43 + 25 = 68
4
There are 76 balloons.
14 balloons burst.
How many balloons are left?
76 − 14 = 62
हिन्दी
1
रिया के पास 24 रंगीन पेंसिलें हैं।
उसकी मित्र ने 15 और दीं।
अब कुल कितनी हैं?
उत्तर: 39
2
राहुल के पास 58 कंचे हैं।
उसने 26 कंचे अपने भाई को दे दिए।
अब कितने कंचे बचे?
उत्तर: 32
Worksheet
Fill in the Blanks
24 + 13 = ___
36 + 22 = ___
71 + 18 = ___
59 − 27 = ___
84 − 23 = ___
63 − 21 = ___
Match
Question
Answer
24 + 15
39
46 − 13
33
35 + 12
47
68 − 24
44
51 + 28
79
Circle the Correct Answer
35 + 24 =
☐ 58
☐ 59
☐ 60
68 − 15 =
☐ 52
☐ 53
☐ 54
Mental Maths
30 + 20 = ___
50 − 10 = ___
40 + 30 = ___
70 − 20 = ___
60 + 10 = ___
90 − 30 = ___
Assessment
Oral Questions
- What is 24 + 13?
- What is 58 − 26?
- Which sign is used for addition?
- Which sign is used for subtraction?
- Should we add ones first or tens first?
Written Questions
- Solve:
46 + 23 = _____
75 − 14 = _____
62 + 15 = _____
84 − 21 = _____
- Solve the word problem:
A basket has 35 oranges. Another basket has 24 oranges. How many oranges are there altogether?
Common Mistakes
Students may:
- Add the tens and ones incorrectly.
- Write digits in the wrong columns.
- Forget to subtract ones before tens.
- Mix up the + and − signs.
Teacher's Strategy:
- Use graph paper or place-value grids to align digits correctly.
- Encourage students to say aloud: "Ones under ones, tens under tens."
- Provide ample practice with concrete materials before moving to abstract sums.
Homework
- Solve:
32 + 16 = _____
41 + 27 = _____
64 − 23 = _____
87 − 35 = _____
- Write five addition and five subtraction sums using two-digit numbers (without carrying or borrowing).
- Draw bundles of tens and ones to represent 47 and 63, then add them.
Revision Notes
Addition (जोड़)
- Join two groups together.
- Write ones below ones and tens below tens.
- Add ones first, then tens.
- This lesson uses no carrying (regrouping).
Subtraction (घटाव)
- Take away from a group.
- Write numbers in the correct place-value columns.
- Subtract ones first, then tens.
- This lesson uses no borrowing (regrouping).