Lesson Plan: Subtraction

Learning Objectives (Learning Outcomes)

English

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

  • Understand the concept of subtraction as taking away or finding the difference.
  • Subtract 2-digit numbers without borrowing.
  • Subtract 2-digit numbers with borrowing (regrouping).
  • Solve subtraction word problems.
  • Apply subtraction in daily life situations.
  • Improve mental calculation skills.

हिन्दी

इस पाठ के अंत तक विद्यार्थी—

  • घटाव (Subtraction) की अवधारणा को समझेंगे।
  • बिना उधार (Borrowing) के दो अंकों की संख्याओं का घटाव करेंगे।
  • उधार (Borrowing) के साथ घटाव करना सीखेंगे।
  • घटाव पर आधारित शब्द समस्याएँ हल करेंगे।
  • दैनिक जीवन में घटाव का प्रयोग करेंगे।
  • मानसिक गणना (Mental Maths) का विकास करेंगे।

Previous Knowledge

Students already know:

  • Numbers up to 100
  • Counting forward and backward
  • Place Value (Ones and Tens)
  • Addition of 2-digit numbers
  • Comparing numbers

Learning Outcomes (NCERT)

Students will be able to:

  • Subtract numbers correctly.
  • Use place value while subtracting.
  • Solve simple real-life subtraction problems.
  • Explain subtraction using objects and drawings.

Teaching Learning Materials (TLM)

  • Number Cards
  • Ice Cream Sticks
  • Beads and Abacus
  • Counters
  • Bottle Caps
  • Place Value Chart
  • Number Line
  • Blackboard
  • Worksheets
  • Smart Board (if available)

STUDY MATERIAL

What is Subtraction?

English

Subtraction means taking away, removing, or finding the difference between two numbers.

The answer of a subtraction is called the Difference.

Symbol of Subtraction

−

Example:

7 − 3 = 4

हिन्दी

Subtraction (घटाव) का अर्थ है कम करना, हटाना या दो संख्याओं के बीच का अंतर ज्ञात करना।

घटाव का उत्तर अंतर (Difference) कहलाता है।

घटाव का चिन्ह है:

−

उदाहरण:

7 − 3 = 4

Vocabulary

English

हिन्दी

Subtraction

घटाव

Subtract

घटाना

Difference

अंतर

Minus

घटाना / माइनस

Borrow

उधार लेना

Ones

इकाई

Tens

दहाई

Left

शेष

Take Away

हटाना

Subtraction Using Objects

🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎

Take away 🍎🍎

🍎🍎🍎 are left.

5 − 2 = 3

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Take away ⭐⭐⭐

⭐⭐⭐ are left.

6 − 3 = 3

Subtraction Using Number Line

Example:

8 − 3

Start at 8.

Jump 3 steps backward.

Answer = 5

Subtraction Without Borrowing

Step 1

Subtract Ones.

Step 2

Subtract Tens.

Example

  56 - 24 ----  32

 

Ones:

6 − 4 = 2

Tens:

5 − 2 = 3

Answer = 32

Example

  78 - 36 ----  42

 

Example

  94 - 53 ----  41

 

Subtraction With Borrowing (Regrouping)

Step 1

If the digit in the Ones place is smaller than the digit below it, borrow 1 Ten.

Step 2

Convert 1 Ten into 10 Ones.

Step 3

Subtract Ones.

Step 4

Subtract Tens.

Example

  42 - 18 ----

 

Borrow 1 Ten.

12 − 8 = 4

3 − 1 = 2

Answer

  42 -18 --- 24

 

Example

  53 -27 ---- 26

 

Example

  81 -36 ---- 45

 

Mental Subtraction

20 − 10 = 10

50 − 20 = 30

30 − 5 = 25

80 − 30 = 50

100 − 40 = 60

70 − 25 = 45

Subtraction Facts

Subtraction

Answer

5 − 2

3

6 − 1

5

8 − 3

5

9 − 4

5

10 − 5

5

12 − 2

10

15 − 5

10

20 − 10

10

Word Problems

1

Riya has 18 chocolates.

She gives 7 chocolates to her friend.

How many chocolates are left?

18 − 7 = 11

2

There are 35 birds on a tree.

12 birds fly away.

How many birds are left?

35 − 12 = 23

3

A basket has 40 apples.

16 apples are sold.

How many apples are left?

40 − 16 = 24

4

There are 28 students in a class.

5 students are absent.

How many students are present?

28 − 5 = 23

5

Rahul has 50 marbles.

He loses 18 marbles.

How many marbles are left?

50 − 18 = 32

Daily Life Examples

  • Giving away chocolates
  • Spending money
  • Selling fruits
  • Counting remaining toys
  • Finding how many students are absent
  • Calculating change after shopping

Period-wise Lesson Plan

Day 1 – Introduction to Subtraction

Warm-up (5 min)

  • Show 5 pencils.
  • Remove 2 pencils.
  • Ask: "How many pencils are left?"

Teaching (15 min)

  • Explain subtraction using real objects.
  • Introduce the − sign and the word difference.

Activity (20 min)

  • Use bottle caps or counters to subtract.
  • Number line demonstration.

Assessment (5 min)

  • Oral subtraction using pictures.

Day 2 – Subtraction Without Borrowing

Warm-up (5 min)

  • Revise subtraction with objects.

Teaching (15 min)

  • Explain place value subtraction without borrowing.

Activity (20 min)

  • Solve sums using place value charts.
  • Pair work with number cards.

Assessment (5 min)

  • Solve three subtraction sums.

Day 3 – Subtraction With Borrowing

Warm-up (5 min)

  • Review subtraction without borrowing.

Teaching (15 min)

  • Demonstrate borrowing using bundles of sticks or an abacus.

Activity (20 min)

  • Solve regrouping problems.
  • Use place value blocks.

Assessment (5 min)

  • Solve two borrowing sums independently.

Day 4 – Word Problems

Warm-up (5 min)

  • Read a short subtraction story.

Teaching (10 min)

  • Explain keywords:
    • left
    • remain
    • take away
    • fewer
    • difference

Activity (20 min)

  • Solve picture-based and story-based subtraction problems.
  • Group discussion.

Assessment (10 min)

  • Solve three word problems.

Day 5 – Revision and Fun Activities

Warm-up (5 min)

  • Mental Maths Quiz.

Activities (25 min)

  • Subtraction Bingo
  • Dice Game (subtract two numbers)
  • Number Card Race
  • Pass the Ball (solve a subtraction fact)
  • Shopping Game (find the remaining money)

Assessment (10 min)

  • Worksheet
  • Oral quiz
  • Exit ticket with one subtraction sum

Cross-Curricular Integration

EVS

Count leaves, fruits, or classroom objects and subtract.

Art

Draw 10 balloons, colour 4, and cross out 3. Count the balloons left.

Physical Education

Count players before and after some leave the game.

Language

Read and solve subtraction stories.

Inclusive Education Strategies

  • Use colourful counters and manipulatives.
  • Demonstrate borrowing with real objects.
  • Provide number lines for support.
  • Pair stronger learners with those needing assistance.
  • Encourage hands-on learning before written practice.

Formative Assessment

  • Oral questioning
  • Observation during activities
  • Place value exercises
  • Number line practice
  • Word problem solving
  • Mental Maths
  • Exit Ticket

Home Assignment

  1. Solve:
  • 45 − 23 = ______
  • 68 − 35 = ______
  • 72 − 18 = ______
  • 90 − 46 = ______
  • 84 − 27 = ______
  1. Draw 10 flowers and cross out 4. Write the subtraction sentence.
  2. Ask your parents to give you two numbers and subtract them.
  3. Solve:

There are 36 mangoes in a basket. 14 mangoes are taken out. How many mangoes are left?

Teacher's Reflection

  • Did students understand subtraction as taking away?
  • Could they subtract 2-digit numbers with and without borrowing?
  • Were they able to solve word problems independently?
  • Which activities engaged students the most?
  • Which learners need additional practice with borrowing?

Quick Revision Chart

Type

Example

Answer

Without Borrowing

56 − 24

32

Without Borrowing

78 − 36

42

With Borrowing

42 − 18

24

With Borrowing

53 − 27

26

Word Problem

18 − 7

11

Mental Maths Practice

  • 10 − 4 = _____
  • 15 − 6 = _____
  • 20 − 8 = _____
  • 35 − 10 = _____
  • 40 − 15 = _____
  • 50 − 20 = _____
  • 62 − 12 = _____
  • 70 − 25 = _____
  • 90 − 30 = _____
  • 100 − 40 = _____

Key Points to Remember

  • Subtraction means taking away, removing, or finding the difference.
  • The symbol of subtraction is −.
  • The answer is called the Difference.
  • Subtract Ones first and then Tens.
  • If the top digit in the Ones place is smaller than the bottom digit, borrow 1 Ten.
  • Words like left, remain, take away, fewer, difference often indicate subtraction.

Memory Trick

"Subtract the Ones first, then the Tens. If the Ones are smaller, borrow 1 Ten!"