Lesson Plan: Multiplication

Learning Outcomes (NCERT)

Students will be able to:

Understand multiplication through equal groups.
Write repeated addition as multiplication.
Solve multiplication facts using tables.
Solve simple real-life multiplication problems.

Teaching Learning Materials (TLM)

Bottle Caps
Beads
Ice Cream Sticks
Counters
Multiplication Flash Cards
Number Cards
Multiplication Chart (Tables 2–10)
Blackboard
Worksheets
Smart Board (if available)

STUDY MATERIAL

What is Multiplication?

English

Multiplication means adding equal groups again and again.

It is also called Repeated Addition.

The symbol of multiplication is ×.

हिन्दी

Multiplication (गुणा) का अर्थ है समान समूहों को बार-बार जोड़ना।

इसे Repeated Addition (बार-बार जोड़ना) भी कहते हैं।

गुणा का चिन्ह है ×।

Vocabulary

English

हिन्दी

Multiplication

गुणा

Multiply

गुणा करना

Times

गुना

Equal Groups

समान समूह

Repeated Addition

बार-बार जोड़ना

Product

गुणनफल

Table

पहाड़ा

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Example 1

🍎 🍎

There are 3 groups.

Each group has 2 apples.

Repeated Addition:

2 + 2 + 2 = 6

Multiplication:

3 × 2 = 6

Example 2

⭐⭐⭐

Repeated Addition:

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12

Multiplication:

4 × 3 = 12

Equal Groups

Example

🍭🍭🍭

There are 2 equal groups.

Each group has 3 candies.

2 × 3 = 6

Skip Counting

Table

Skip Counting

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12...

3, 6, 9, 12, 15...

4, 8, 12, 16, 20...

5, 10, 15, 20, 25...

10, 20, 30, 40, 50...

Multiplication Facts

Multiplication

Answer

2 × 1

2 × 2

2 × 3

3 × 2

4 × 2

5 × 2

5 × 3

4 × 4

5 × 5

10 × 2

Multiplication Tables (2–5)

Table of 2

2 × 1 = 2

2 × 2 = 4

2 × 3 = 6

2 × 4 = 8

2 × 5 = 10

2 × 6 = 12

2 × 7 = 14

2 × 8 = 16

2 × 9 = 18

2 × 10 = 20

Table of 3

3 × 1 = 3

3 × 2 = 6

3 × 3 = 9

3 × 4 = 12

3 × 5 = 15

3 × 6 = 18

3 × 7 = 21

3 × 8 = 24

3 × 9 = 27

3 × 10 = 30

Table of 4

4 × 1 = 4

4 × 2 = 8

4 × 3 = 12

4 × 4 = 16

4 × 5 = 20

4 × 6 = 24

4 × 7 = 28

4 × 8 = 32

4 × 9 = 36

4 × 10 = 40

Table of 5

5 × 1 = 5

5 × 2 = 10

5 × 3 = 15

5 × 4 = 20

5 × 5 = 25

5 × 6 = 30

5 × 7 = 35

5 × 8 = 40

5 × 9 = 45

5 × 10 = 50

Word Problems

1

There are 4 baskets.

Each basket has 3 apples.

How many apples are there altogether?

4 × 3 = 12

2

There are 5 rows.

Each row has 2 flowers.

How many flowers are there?

5 × 2 = 10

3

Riya has 3 packets.

Each packet has 5 chocolates.

How many chocolates does she have?

3 × 5 = 15

4

There are 6 chairs.

Each chair has 1 child.

How many children are sitting?

6 × 1 = 6

5

A spider has 8 legs.

How many legs do 2 spiders have?

2 × 8 = 16

Daily Life Examples

Eggs in egg trays
Chairs in rows
Trees in a garden
Students sitting in rows
Wheels on bicycles
Chocolates in packets

Period-wise Lesson Plan

Day 1 – Introduction to Multiplication

Warm-up (5 min)

Show equal groups of bottle caps.
Ask: "How many groups? How many in each group?"

Teaching (15 min)

Explain multiplication as repeated addition.

Activity (20 min)

Make equal groups using counters.
Write repeated addition and multiplication sentences.

Assessment (5 min)

Identify equal groups from pictures.

Day 2 – Equal Groups and Repeated Addition

Warm-up (5 min)

Revise equal groups.

Teaching (15 min)

Convert repeated addition into multiplication.

Activity (20 min)

Group work using beads and sticks.
Picture matching.

Assessment (5 min)

Solve three repeated addition questions.

Day 3 – Multiplication Tables

Warm-up (5 min)

Skip counting by 2s, 3s, 4s, and 5s.

Teaching (15 min)

Introduce tables of 2, 3, 4, and 5.

Activity (20 min)

Table Chant
Flash Card Quiz
Multiplication Bingo

Assessment (5 min)

Oral table recitation.

Day 4 – Multiplication Word Problems

Warm-up (5 min)

Picture discussion.

Teaching (10 min)

Explain keywords:
- each
- every
- groups
- rows
- altogether

Activity (20 min)

Solve picture-based and story-based multiplication problems.

Assessment (10 min)

Solve three word problems.

Day 5 – Revision and Fun Activities

Warm-up (5 min)

Skip Counting Race.

Activities (25 min)

Multiplication Bingo
Table Relay
Equal Group Game
Pass the Ball
Shopping Role Play

Assessment (10 min)

Worksheet
Oral Quiz
Exit Ticket

Cross-Curricular Integration

EVS

Count flowers, leaves, birds, and trees in equal groups.

Art

Draw equal groups of stars, flowers, or balloons and write the multiplication sentence.

Physical Education

Arrange children in rows and columns to demonstrate multiplication.

Language

Read multiplication stories and solve them.

Inclusive Education Strategies

Use colourful counters and manipulatives.
Encourage hands-on learning.
Use skip counting songs.
Pair stronger learners with struggling learners.
Use visual multiplication charts.

Formative Assessment

Oral questioning
Observation during activities
Repeated addition exercises
Multiplication table practice
Word problem solving
Exit Ticket

Home Assignment

Write the multiplication tables of 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Convert into multiplication:

2 + 2 + 2 = ______
5 + 5 = ______
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = ______
4 + 4 + 4 = ______

Solve:

2 × 6 = ______
3 × 5 = ______
4 × 4 = ______
5 × 3 = ______

Draw 4 groups of 2 flowers and write the multiplication sentence.

Teacher's Reflection

Did students understand multiplication as repeated addition?
Could they identify equal groups?
Were they able to write multiplication sentences correctly?
Could they use multiplication tables to solve problems?
Which learners need additional practice with skip counting?

Quick Revision Chart

Repeated Addition

Multiplication

Answer

2 + 2 + 2

3 × 2

3 + 3 + 3 + 3

4 × 3

5 + 5

2 × 5

4 + 4 + 4

3 × 4

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

5 × 1

Mental Maths Practice

2 × 5 = _____
3 × 4 = _____
5 × 2 = _____
4 × 6 = _____
3 × 7 = _____
5 × 5 = _____
2 × 9 = _____
4 × 5 = _____
10 × 3 = _____
6 × 2 = _____

Key Points to Remember

Multiplication means repeated addition.
The symbol of multiplication is ×.
The answer of a multiplication is called the Product.
Multiplication is used when there are equal groups.
Skip counting helps us learn multiplication tables.
Words like each, every, groups, rows, altogether often indicate multiplication.

Memory Trick

"Count the Groups × Count in Each Group = Total"

Example:

🍎🍎 🍎🍎 🍎🍎

3 groups × 2 apples = 6 apples

Real-Life Applications

Children use multiplication every day:

Counting chocolates in packets.
Counting eggs in trays.
Arranging chairs in rows.
Counting flowers in a garden.
Finding the total number of wheels on bicycles.
Counting students sitting in equal rows.