Learning Objectives (Learning Outcomes)
English
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand the concept of a fraction as a part of a whole.
- Identify and name one-half (½), one-third (⅓), and one-fourth (¼).
- Divide shapes and objects into equal parts.
- Read and write simple fractions.
- Recognise fractions in everyday life.
- Solve simple fraction-based questions.
हिन्दी
इस पाठ के अंत तक विद्यार्थी—
- भिन्न (Fraction) को पूरे (Whole) के बराबर भागों के रूप में समझेंगे।
- आधा (½), एक-तिहाई (⅓) और एक-चौथाई (¼) की पहचान करेंगे।
- आकृतियों और वस्तुओं को बराबर भागों में बाँटेंगे।
- सरल भिन्नों को पढ़ना और लिखना सीखेंगे।
- दैनिक जीवन में भिन्नों का प्रयोग पहचानेंगे।
- सरल भिन्नों से जुड़े प्रश्न हल करेंगे।
Previous Knowledge
Students already know:
- Counting numbers
- Shapes (Circle, Square, Rectangle)
- Equal and Unequal
- Addition and Subtraction
- Basic comparison of objects
Learning Outcomes (NCERT)
Students will be able to:
- Recognise fractions as equal parts of a whole.
- Read and write simple fractions.
- Identify halves, thirds, and fourths in pictures and objects.
- Use fractions in daily life situations.
Teaching Learning Materials (TLM)
- Paper Circles and Squares
- Paper Plates
- Pizza or Cake Cut-outs
- Chocolate Bar Pictures
- Fruit Models (Apple, Orange)
- Fraction Flash Cards
- Blackboard
- Colour Pencils
- Worksheets
- Smart Board (if available)
STUDY MATERIAL
What is a Fraction?
English
A Fraction is a part of a whole.
When a whole object is divided into equal parts, each part is called a fraction.
हिन्दी
भिन्न (Fraction) किसी पूरी वस्तु का बराबर भाग होता है।
जब किसी वस्तु को बराबर भागों में बाँटा जाता है, तो प्रत्येक भाग भिन्न कहलाता है।
Vocabulary
English
हिन्दी
Fraction
भिन्न
Whole
पूरा
Half
आधा
One-half
एक-आधा (½)
One-third
एक-तिहाई (⅓)
One-fourth
एक-चौथाई (¼)
Equal Parts
बराबर भाग
Part
भाग
A Whole
🍕 Whole Pizza
One complete pizza is called one whole.
One-Half (½)
A whole is divided into 2 equal parts.
Each part is called one-half.
Example
🍎 → Cut into 2 equal parts
Each part = ½
हिन्दी
यदि किसी वस्तु को 2 बराबर भागों में बाँटा जाए, तो प्रत्येक भाग आधा (½) कहलाता है।
One-Third (⅓)
A whole is divided into 3 equal parts.
Each part is called one-third.
Example
🍫 Chocolate divided into 3 equal pieces
Each piece = ⅓
हिन्दी
यदि किसी वस्तु को 3 बराबर भागों में बाँटा जाए, तो प्रत्येक भाग एक-तिहाई (⅓) कहलाता है।
One-Fourth (¼)
A whole is divided into 4 equal parts.
Each part is called one-fourth.
Example
🍕 Pizza cut into 4 equal slices
Each slice = ¼
हिन्दी
यदि किसी वस्तु को 4 बराबर भागों में बाँटा जाए, तो प्रत्येक भाग एक-चौथाई (¼) कहलाता है।
Equal and Unequal Parts
Equal Parts ✅
🟦🟦
Both parts are the same size.
Unequal Parts ❌
🟦⬜
These are not fractions because the parts are not equal.
Reading Fractions
Fraction
Read As
½
One-half
⅓
One-third
¼
One-fourth
Numerator and Denominator (Simple Introduction)
Example: ½
- 1 = Numerator (number of parts taken)
- 2 = Denominator (total equal parts)
हिन्दी
½
ऊपर की संख्या = अंश (Numerator)
नीचे की संख्या = हर (Denominator)
(For Grade II, introduce only the idea in a simple way without expecting memorisation.)
Everyday Examples of Fractions
- Half an apple 🍎
- Half a glass of milk 🥛
- Half a sandwich 🥪
- One slice of a pizza 🍕
- One piece of a chocolate 🍫
- A quarter of a watermelon 🍉
Colour the Fraction
Colour:
- ½ of a rectangle.
- ⅓ of a circle.
- ¼ of a square.
Identify the Fraction
Picture
Fraction
Circle divided into 2 equal parts
½
Circle divided into 3 equal parts
⅓
Square divided into 4 equal parts
¼
Compare Fractions
Fraction
Size
½
Bigger
⅓
Smaller than ½
¼
Smaller than ⅓
Remember: The more equal parts a whole is divided into, the smaller each part becomes.
Word Problems
1
Riya cuts an apple into 2 equal parts.
She eats one part.
What fraction of the apple did she eat?
Answer: ½
2
A pizza is cut into 4 equal slices.
Rahul eats one slice.
What fraction of the pizza did Rahul eat?
Answer: ¼
3
A chocolate is divided into 3 equal pieces.
Aman eats one piece.
What fraction did Aman eat?
Answer: ⅓
4
A cake is divided into 2 equal pieces.
Mother gives one piece to Meera.
What fraction did Meera receive?
Answer: ½
5
A square is divided into 4 equal parts.
One part is coloured.
What fraction is coloured?
Answer: ¼
Period-wise Lesson Plan
Day 1 – Introduction to Fractions
Warm-up (5 min)
- Show a whole apple and cut it into two equal parts.
- Ask: "What happened to the apple?"
Teaching (15 min)
- Explain the meaning of a fraction using real objects.
Activity (20 min)
- Fold paper circles into two equal parts.
- Identify halves.
Assessment (5 min)
- Ask students to identify a half in pictures.
Day 2 – One-Half (½)
Warm-up (5 min)
- Revise the concept of a whole.
Teaching (15 min)
- Explain one-half using paper folding and pictures.
Activity (20 min)
- Colour half of different shapes.
- Share fruits into two equal parts.
Assessment (5 min)
- Draw and colour one-half of a shape.
Day 3 – One-Third (⅓) and One-Fourth (¼)
Warm-up (5 min)
- Review one-half.
Teaching (15 min)
- Explain thirds and fourths with pizza and chocolate models.
Activity (20 min)
- Divide paper circles into 3 and 4 equal parts.
- Match pictures with the correct fraction.
Assessment (5 min)
- Identify ⅓ and ¼ from flash cards.
Day 4 – Fractions in Daily Life
Warm-up (5 min)
- Discuss where we see fractions at home.
Teaching (10 min)
- Show examples using fruits, cakes, and chocolates.
Activity (20 min)
- Role play: Sharing food equally.
- Fraction colouring worksheet.
Assessment (10 min)
- Solve simple picture-based questions.
Day 5 – Revision and Fun Activities
Warm-up (5 min)
- Fraction song or rhyme.
Activities (25 min)
- Fraction Puzzle
- Match the Fraction
- Colour the Fraction
- Pass the Ball (Name the Fraction)
- Paper Folding Activity
Assessment (10 min)
- Oral questions.
- Worksheet.
- Exit Ticket.
Cross-Curricular Integration
EVS
Share fruits equally among friends.
Art
Draw and colour fractions of shapes.
Language
Read stories about sharing equally.
Physical Education
Divide students into equal groups.
Inclusive Education Strategies
- Use real objects like fruits and paper plates.
- Encourage hands-on activities.
- Use colourful visual aids.
- Pair stronger learners with those needing support.
- Give extra oral practice and demonstrations.
Formative Assessment
- Oral questioning
- Picture identification
- Paper folding activities
- Colouring fractions
- Observation during activities
- Exit Ticket
Home Assignment
- Draw:
- One circle and colour ½.
- One square and colour ¼.
- One rectangle and colour ⅓.
- Write the names:
- ½ = __________
- ⅓ = __________
- ¼ = __________
- Find three objects at home that can be divided into equal parts and draw them.
- Colour the correct fraction in the given shapes.
Teacher's Reflection
- Did students understand that fractions represent equal parts of a whole?
- Could they identify ½, ⅓, and ¼ correctly?
- Were they able to colour and recognise fractions in pictures?
- Which activities were most effective?
- Which learners need additional support?
Quick Revision Chart
Fraction
Name
Meaning
½
One-half
1 out of 2 equal parts
⅓
One-third
1 out of 3 equal parts
¼
One-fourth
1 out of 4 equal parts
Mental Practice
- How many halves make one whole? 2
- How many fourths make one whole? 4
- How many thirds make one whole? 3
- Is a half bigger than a fourth? Yes
- Is a third smaller than a half? Yes
Key Points to Remember
- A fraction is a part of a whole.
- Fractions are made only when a whole is divided into equal parts.
- ½ means one-half (1 out of 2 equal parts).
- ⅓ means one-third (1 out of 3 equal parts).
- ¼ means one-fourth (1 out of 4 equal parts).
- Unequal parts do not make correct fractions.
- Fractions are used in everyday life while sharing food, measuring, and dividing objects equally.
Memory Trick
Whole → Divide into Equal Parts → Fraction
- 2 equal parts → ½ (Half)
- 3 equal parts → ⅓ (One-third)
- 4 equal parts → ¼ (One-fourth)
Real-Life Applications
Children use fractions every day when they:
- Share a pizza with friends.
- Cut a cake into equal pieces.
- Divide a chocolate bar.
- Share fruits with family.
- Fill half a glass of milk or juice.