Lesson Plan: Subtraction

1. Learning Objectives (अधिगम उद्देश्य)

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

English

Students will:

  • Understand the meaning of subtraction.
  • Identify minuend, subtrahend and difference.
  • Subtract numbers without borrowing.
  • Subtract numbers with borrowing.
  • Solve subtraction word problems.
  • Apply subtraction in real-life situations.

हिन्दी

विद्यार्थी:

  • घटाव का अर्थ समझ सकेंगे।
  • घटाव में प्रयुक्त संख्याओं को पहचान सकेंगे।
  • बिना उधार के घटाव कर सकेंगे।
  • उधार लेकर घटाव कर सकेंगे।
  • घटाव से संबंधित शब्द समस्याएँ हल कर सकेंगे।
  • दैनिक जीवन में घटाव का प्रयोग कर सकेंगे।

2. Previous Knowledge (पूर्व ज्ञान)

Students know:

English

  • Counting numbers
  • Place value of ones, tens and hundreds
  • Addition of numbers

हिन्दी

  • संख्या ज्ञान
  • इकाई, दहाई और सैकड़ा का स्थानिक मान
  • जोड़ की प्रक्रिया

3. Teaching Learning Materials (शिक्षण सामग्री)

  • Number cards
  • Counters
  • Beads
  • Place value chart
  • Abacus
  • Blackboard
  • Worksheets
  • Flash cards
  • Objects like pencils, fruits, books

4. Vocabulary (शब्दावली)

English

Hindi

Subtraction

घटाव

Subtract

घटाना

Minus

ऋण (-)

Difference

अंतर

Take away

हटाना

Borrowing

उधार लेना

Minuend

घटाई जाने वाली संख्या

Subtrahend

घटाने वाली संख्या

DAY 1: Introduction to Subtraction (घटाव का परिचय)

Learning Objective

Students will understand subtraction as taking away or finding the difference.

Introduction Activity (प्रस्तावना)

Teacher shows:

There are 8 pencils.

Remove 3 pencils.

Ask:

How many pencils are left?

Students count:

8 - 3 = 5

Study Material

What is Subtraction? (घटाव क्या है?)

English

Subtraction means taking away one number from another number to find how many are left or to find the difference.

The symbol used for subtraction is −.

Example:

9 − 4 = 5

Here:

  • 9 is called Minuend.
  • 4 is called Subtrahend.
  • 5 is called Difference.

हिन्दी

घटाव का अर्थ है किसी संख्या में से दूसरी संख्या को हटाकर शेष संख्या या अंतर ज्ञात करना।

घटाव का चिन्ह − होता है।

उदाहरण:

9 − 4 = 5

यहाँ:

  • 9 = घटाई जाने वाली संख्या
  • 4 = घटाने वाली संख्या
  • 5 = अंतर

Activity

Students take 10 counters.

Remove different numbers and find the remaining objects.

Example:

10 − 6 = 4

Class Practice

Solve:

  1. 8 − 3 = ___
  2. 12 − 5 = ___
  3. 15 − 7 = ___
  4. 20 − 8 = ___

DAY 2: Subtraction Without Borrowing (बिना उधार के घटाव)

Concept Explanation

When the upper digit is greater than the lower digit, subtraction is done without borrowing.

Example:

  568 - 234 ------  334

 

Steps:

Ones:

8 − 4 = 4

Tens:

6 − 3 = 3

Hundreds:

5 − 2 = 3

Answer = 334

हिन्दी व्याख्या

जब ऊपर वाला अंक नीचे वाले अंक से बड़ा होता है, तब उधार लेने की आवश्यकता नहीं होती।

घटाव हमेशा:

  1. इकाई से शुरू करें।
  2. फिर दहाई।
  3. फिर सैकड़ा।

Activity

Students solve using place value chart.

Example:

746 − 321

Practice Questions

  1. 456 − 123
  2. 789 − 245
  3. 965 − 432
  4. 678 − 254

DAY 3: Subtraction With Borrowing (उधार लेकर घटाव)

Concept Explanation

When the upper digit is smaller than the lower digit, we borrow from the next place.

Example:

  532 - 278 ------  254

 

Steps:

Ones:

2 cannot subtract 8.

Borrow 1 ten from 3 tens.

12 − 8 = 4

Tens:

2 − 7 is not possible.

Borrow 1 hundred from 5.

12 − 7 = 5

Hundreds:

4 − 2 = 2

Answer = 254

हिन्दी व्याख्या

जब ऊपर का अंक छोटा होता है, तो अगले स्थान से 1 उधार लेते हैं।

याद रखें:

10 ones = 1 ten

10 tens = 1 hundred

Activity

Using place value chart:

Example:

421 − 186

Students exchange tens and hundreds.

Practice Questions

  1. 543 − 278
  2. 652 − 389
  3. 724 − 456
  4. 831 − 597

DAY 4: Properties and Checking Subtraction

1. Subtraction of Zero

English

Subtracting zero does not change the number.

Example:

456 − 0 = 456

हिन्दी

किसी संख्या में से 0 घटाने पर संख्या वही रहती है।

2. Checking Subtraction Using Addition

Example:

  725 - 312 ------  413

 

Check:

413 + 312 = 725

Activity

Students check their subtraction answers using addition.

DAY 5: Subtraction Word Problems (शब्द समस्याएँ)

Steps to Solve

  1. Read the question.
  2. Find the bigger number.
  3. Decide the operation.
  4. Subtract.

Example 1

A shop had 850 chocolates. It sold 325 chocolates.

How many chocolates are left?

Solution:

850 − 325 = 525

Answer:
525 chocolates are left.

हिन्दी

एक दुकान में 850 चॉकलेट थीं। उसने 325 चॉकलेट बेच दीं।

बची हुई चॉकलेट:

850 − 325 = 525

उत्तर:
525 चॉकलेट बचीं।

Real-Life Applications (जीवन में उपयोग)

Subtraction is used in:

  • Finding remaining money (बचे हुए पैसे)
  • Finding remaining objects (बची हुई वस्तुएँ)
  • Comparing quantities (मात्राओं की तुलना)
  • Finding differences (अंतर ज्ञात करना)

Classroom Activity

Subtraction Game

Students pick two number cards.

Example:

Card 1: 765
Card 2: 234

Find:

765 − 234 = 531

Worksheet

A. Subtract Without Borrowing

  1. 567 − 234 = _____
  2. 789 − 456 = _____
  3. 845 − 321 = _____
  4. 936 − 512 = _____

B. Subtract With Borrowing

  1. 654 − 278 = _____
  2. 832 − 459 = _____
  3. 721 − 386 = _____
  4. 900 − 467 = _____

C. Fill in the Blanks

  1. 500 − 0 = _____
  2. 650 − 250 = _____
  3. _____ − 100 = 450
  4. 800 − _____ = 500

D. Word Problems

  1. A library has 950 books. It gives 325 books to another school. How many books are left?
  2. A farmer had 785 kg wheat. He sold 468 kg. How much wheat remains?

Homework (गृहकार्य)

  1. Solve:

a) 745 − 326
b) 865 − 478
c) 934 − 589
d) 700 − 356

  1. Write three situations from daily life where subtraction is used.
  2. Make two subtraction word problems and solve them.

Assessment (मूल्यांकन)

Oral Questions

  1. What is subtraction?
  2. Which symbol is used for subtraction?
  3. What is the answer of subtraction called?
  4. When do we borrow?
  5. How do we check subtraction?