Lesson Plan: Fractions

Learning Objectives (अधिगम उद्देश्य)

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

English:

  1. Understand the meaning of fractions.
  2. Identify numerator and denominator.
  3. Represent fractions using pictures and shapes.
  4. Read and write different types of fractions.
  5. Compare and arrange fractions.
  6. Add and subtract simple like fractions.

हिंदी:

  1. भिन्न का अर्थ समझ सकेंगे।
  2. अंश और हर की पहचान कर सकेंगे।
  3. चित्रों की सहायता से भिन्न को दर्शा सकेंगे।
  4. विभिन्न प्रकार के भिन्न पढ़ और लिख सकेंगे।
  5. भिन्नों की तुलना और क्रम व्यवस्थित कर सकेंगे।
  6. समान हर वाले भिन्नों का जोड़ और घटाव कर सकेंगे।

Teaching Aids (शिक्षण सामग्री)

  • Fraction strips (भिन्न पट्टियाँ)
  • Paper circles (कागज के वृत्त)
  • Shapes and pictures
  • Blackboard
  • Number line
  • Worksheets

Previous Knowledge (पूर्व ज्ञान)

Students know:

  • Division (भाग)
  • Equal sharing (समान बाँटना)
  • Basic numbers

Day 1: Introduction to Fractions (भिन्न का परिचय)

Activity: Sharing a Pizza (पिज्जा बाँटना)

Teacher shows a circle and divides it into 4 equal parts.

Ask:

"If a pizza is divided into 4 equal pieces and we eat one piece, how much pizza is eaten?"

Answer:

One out of four parts = 1/4

Teacher explains:

Study Material: Fraction (भिन्न)

Definition:

English:
A fraction represents a part of a whole.

Hindi:
भिन्न किसी पूर्ण वस्तु के एक या अधिक बराबर भागों को दर्शाता है।

Example:

A chocolate is divided into 4 equal parts.

One part = 1/4

Here:

1 = Numerator (अंश)
4 = Denominator (हर)

Parts of a Fraction (भिन्न के भाग)

Example:

35\frac{3}{5}53​

Numerator (अंश):

The number above the line is called numerator.

ऊपर लिखी संख्या को अंश कहते हैं।

It shows the number of parts taken.

यह लिए गए भागों की संख्या बताता है।

Denominator (हर):

The number below the line is called denominator.

नीचे लिखी संख्या को हर कहते हैं।

It shows the total equal parts.

यह कुल बराबर भागों की संख्या बताता है।

Examples:

Fraction

Numerator

Denominator

1/2

1

2

3/4

3

4

5/8

5

8

Classroom Practice:

Write numerator and denominator:

  1. 2/5
    Numerator = ____
    Denominator = ____
  2. 7/10
    Numerator = ____
    Denominator = ____

Day 2: Types of Fractions (भिन्न के प्रकार)

1. Proper Fraction (सही भिन्न)

English:
A fraction in which numerator is smaller than denominator is called a proper fraction.

Hindi:
जिस भिन्न में अंश हर से छोटा होता है, उसे उचित भिन्न कहते हैं।

Examples:

1/2, 3/5, 4/7

2. Improper Fraction (अपूर्ण भिन्न)

English:
A fraction in which numerator is greater than or equal to denominator is called improper fraction.

Hindi:
जिस भिन्न में अंश हर से बड़ा या बराबर होता है, उसे अनुचित भिन्न कहते हैं।

Examples:

5/3, 7/4, 9/9

3. Mixed Fraction (मिश्र भिन्न)

A fraction containing a whole number and a fraction is called mixed fraction.

पूर्ण संख्या और भिन्न से बने भिन्न को मिश्र भिन्न कहते हैं।

Examples:

2 1/3, 4 2/5

Activity:

Identify the type:

  1. 3/8 = __________
  2. 7/5 = __________
  3. 2 1/4 = __________

Day 3: Equivalent Fractions (समतुल्य भिन्न)

Definition:

English:
Fractions that have the same value are called equivalent fractions.

Hindi:
जिन भिन्नों का मान समान होता है, उन्हें समतुल्य भिन्न कहते हैं।

Example:

12=24=48\frac{1}{2}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{4}{8}21​=42​=84​

All represent the same part.

Making Equivalent Fractions:

Multiply numerator and denominator by the same number.

Example:

13\frac{1}{3}31​

Multiply by 2:

1×23×2=26\frac{1\times2}{3\times2}=\frac{2}{6}3×21×2​=62​ 

Practice:

Write equivalent fractions:

  1. 1/4 = ____/8
  2. 2/5 = ____/10
  3. 3/6 = ____/12

Day 4: Comparing Fractions (भिन्नों की तुलना)

Same Denominator (समान हर)

When denominators are same, compare numerators.

जब हर समान हो तो अंश की तुलना करते हैं।

Example:

38>28\frac{3}{8} > \frac{2}{8}83​>82​

Because 3 is greater than 2.

Same Numerator (समान अंश)

When numerators are same, the fraction with smaller denominator is greater.

Example:

13>15\frac{1}{3} > \frac{1}{5}31​>51​ 

Using Symbols:

Greater than = >

Less than = <

Equal to = =

Arrange in Ascending Order:

1/4, 3/4, 2/4

Answer:

1/4 < 2/4 < 3/4

Day 5: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

Addition of Like Fractions

Fractions with same denominator are called like fractions.

समान हर वाले भिन्न समान भिन्न कहलाते हैं।

Example:

25+15\frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{5}52​+51​

Add numerators:

2+15=35\frac{2+1}{5}=\frac{3}{5}52+1​=53​ 

Subtraction of Like Fractions:

Example:

47−27\frac{4}{7}-\frac{2}{7}74​−72​ =4−27=\frac{4-2}{7}=74−2​ =27=\frac{2}{7}=72​ 

Word Problems (शब्द समस्याएँ)

Question 1:

Riya ate 2/8 of a cake and her brother ate 3/8 of the cake. How much cake did they eat together?

Solution:

28+38\frac{2}{8}+\frac{3}{8}82​+83​ =58=\frac{5}{8}=85​

They ate 5/8 of the cake.

Question 2:

A rope is 10/12 metres long. 3/12 metres is cut. How much rope is left?

Solution:

1012−312\frac{10}{12}-\frac{3}{12}1210​−123​ =712=\frac{7}{12}=127​

Remaining rope = 7/12 metres

Worksheet (अभ्यास पत्र)

A. Fill in the blanks:

  1. A fraction represents a part of a ______.
  2. The upper part of a fraction is called ______.
  3. The lower part of a fraction is called ______.
  4. 1/2 is a ______ fraction.
  5. Fractions having the same value are called ______ fractions.

B. Write numerator and denominator:

  1. 4/9
  2. 6/11
  3. 8/15

C. Identify the type of fraction:

  1. 2/7 = __________
  2. 9/4 = __________
  3. 3 1/2 = __________

D. Compare using >, < or =

  1. 2/5 ___ 4/5
  2. 3/7 ___ 3/9
  3. 5/8 ___ 5/8

E. Solve:

  1. 2/9 + 4/9 = ______
  2. 8/10 - 3/10 = ______
  3. 1/6 + 3/6 = ______

Assessment Questions (मूल्यांकन)

  1. What is a fraction?
  2. Name the parts of a fraction.
  3. Write three proper fractions.
  4. Find an equivalent fraction of 1/2.
  5. Add: 3/8 + 2/8

Homework (गृहकार्य)

  1. Draw and shade:
    • 1/2
    • 3/4
    • 5/8
  2. Write five proper fractions.
  3. Solve:
    • 2/6 + 3/6
    • 7/9 - 4/9